【摘要】：在經(jīng)歷了美國次貸危機以后，我國對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提出了更加嚴格的要求，在2008年末，為了應(yīng)對次貸危機對我國經(jīng)濟的影響，我國采取了一系列的措施，從穩(wěn)健的財政政策轉(zhuǎn)向了積極的財政政策，從從緊的貨幣政策轉(zhuǎn)向了適度寬松的貨幣政策，為了刺激經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇，我國政府還采取了經(jīng)濟刺激計劃，連續(xù)出臺了4萬億政府投資計劃。在經(jīng)濟危機后的第二年，2010年我國商業(yè)銀行的信貸規(guī)模過度加大，我國出現(xiàn)“天量”放貸，這一現(xiàn)象使銀監(jiān)會對我國銀行業(yè)的監(jiān)管提出了嚴格的監(jiān)管要求，根據(jù)第三版巴塞爾協(xié)議中的指導(dǎo)意見，并且針對我國商業(yè)銀行的具體情況，，頒布了一系列的政策法規(guī)，逐漸使我國的監(jiān)管標準與世界監(jiān)管標準接軌，針對資本充足率，提出在正常條件下，非系統(tǒng)重要性銀行和系統(tǒng)重要性銀行的資本充足率不得低于10.5%和11.5%，在此標準的基礎(chǔ)上，還相繼提出了我國商業(yè)銀行資本充足率的長期發(fā)展目標。伴隨著我國商業(yè)銀行的信貸規(guī)模的逐步擴張，我國商業(yè)銀行的資本補充機制也在不斷進行，資本補充主要通過可轉(zhuǎn)換債券、定向增發(fā)、配股、混合債券等，這種資本補充方法，不僅表明我國的商業(yè)銀行不僅需要逐步完善我國商業(yè)銀行的資本規(guī)劃，而且我國商業(yè)銀行自身也要不斷提高自身的資本管理水平，我國監(jiān)管機構(gòu)也要不斷提升自身的監(jiān)管意識。這篇文章我們嘗試從資本結(jié)構(gòu)影響因素的角度去分析如何改善我國商業(yè)銀行的資本結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀，政府如何加強資本約束，商業(yè)銀行如何提升自身的監(jiān)管水平。文章通過多家商業(yè)銀行的數(shù)據(jù)逐步分析影響商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)的因素，從中得出商業(yè)銀行的規(guī)模、商業(yè)銀行的成長性、商業(yè)銀行的盈利水平、利率以及通貨膨脹率等對資本結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。從中得出銀行自身的治理結(jié)構(gòu)以及商業(yè)銀行自身的資本結(jié)構(gòu)合理性對商業(yè)銀行的重要性。對銀行而言，融資決策和經(jīng)營決策息息相關(guān)，其資本結(jié)構(gòu)決策的制定過程不能撇開經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略，同時必須考慮行業(yè)的特殊性，本文的研究為商業(yè)銀行的資本決策提供了一定的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:After going through the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, China has put forward more stringent requirements for economic development. At the end of 2008, in order to cope with the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis on our economy, China has taken a series of measures. From a prudent fiscal policy to a positive fiscal policy, from a tight monetary policy to a moderately loose monetary policy, in order to stimulate the recovery of the economy, the Chinese government also adopted an economic stimulus plan. Four trillion government investment plans were introduced in a row. In the second year after the economic crisis, the credit scale of commercial banks in our country increased excessively in 2010, and the "sky quantity" lending appeared in our country. This phenomenon made the CBRC put forward strict supervision requirements to the banking supervision of our country. According to the guidance of the third edition of the Basel Accord, and according to the specific situation of commercial banks in China, has promulgated a series of policies and regulations, gradually make our regulatory standards and the world regulatory standards in line with the capital adequacy ratio, Proposing that, under normal conditions, the capital adequacy ratios of non-systemically important banks and systemically important banks should not be lower than 10.5 per cent and 11.55.Based on this criterion, Also has proposed our country commercial bank capital adequacy ratio the long-term development goal one after another. With the gradual expansion of the credit scale of commercial banks in China, the capital replenishment mechanism of commercial banks in our country is also ongoing. Capital replenishment is mainly through convertible bonds, directional additional issuance, rights issue, mixed bonds, and so on. It not only shows that China's commercial banks need to improve their capital planning step by step, but also our country's commercial banks should improve their own capital management level, and our country's regulatory bodies should constantly improve their own supervision consciousness. In this article, we try to analyze how to improve the present situation of capital structure of commercial banks, how to strengthen capital constraints, and how to improve the supervision level of commercial banks from the perspective of influencing factors of capital structure. Based on the data of many commercial banks, the paper analyzes the factors that influence the capital structure of commercial banks, and draws the conclusion that the scale of commercial banks, the growth of commercial banks, the profitability of commercial banks, and so on. The influence of interest rate and inflation rate on capital structure. From the conclusion, the governance structure of the bank itself and the rationality of the capital structure of the commercial bank are important to the commercial bank. For banks, financing decisions are closely related to business decisions, and the process of making decisions on capital structure should not be separated from the management strategy, and the particularity of the industry must be taken into account at the same time. The research in this paper provides a certain basis for the capital decision of commercial banks.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.33

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