【摘要】：經(jīng)過改革開放30多年來的發(fā)展，我國中小企業(yè)逐步成長為我國國民經(jīng)濟中的支柱力量。中小企業(yè)在促進經(jīng)濟增長、拉動就業(yè)、加快創(chuàng)新以及帶動經(jīng)濟體制改革等方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。近年來，，由于外圍經(jīng)濟環(huán)境不景氣，內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟增速放緩等原因，中小企業(yè)在發(fā)展過程中存在的問題也逐步暴露，比較突出的有稅費負擔較重、產(chǎn)權保護不力以及融資難等問題，這無疑會限制我國中小企業(yè)的進一步成長。 本文在我國經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的背景下，指出中小企業(yè)面臨上述問題的關鍵在于我國缺乏完善的法制環(huán)境和有效的金融體系。制度上的短板要求中小企業(yè)建立政治關聯(lián)來彌補正式制度的不足，保護自身的發(fā)展。因此，積極關注并認真解決中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的問題，對于改善我國中小企業(yè)的經(jīng)營管理，提升企業(yè)績效以及促進我國的經(jīng)濟增長具有重要的意義。 在上述背景之下，本文對于政治關聯(lián)、銀企關系以及企業(yè)績效之間的研究現(xiàn)狀進行了詳盡的評述，并結合三者之間的理論基礎提出了相關的研究假設，試圖論證我國中小企業(yè)通過政治關聯(lián)一方面可以幫助其規(guī)避政府管制、獲取稀缺資源，直接提升企業(yè)績效，另一方面可以幫助其改善銀企關系，并以銀企關系為中介變量，來進一步影響企業(yè)績效。 在實證分析方面，本文首先研究了政治關聯(lián)對于企業(yè)績效的作用機制，結論表明政治關聯(lián)在整體上對于企業(yè)績效有顯著的提升作用；在進一步區(qū)分政治關聯(lián)的類型之后，研究表明相比于地方政治關聯(lián)背景，中央政治關聯(lián)背景更能促進企業(yè)績效的提升。其次，本文研究了政治關聯(lián)對于銀企關系的作用機制，結論表明政治關聯(lián)能夠提高銀行貸款規(guī)模，并且在貸款的期限結構上表現(xiàn)為短期貸款；之后，本文研究了銀企關系對于企業(yè)績效的作用機制，結論表明銀行貸款規(guī)模對于企業(yè)績效產(chǎn)生了負面影響，短期貸款對于企業(yè)績效有顯著的正面影響。最后，本文進行了銀企關系的中介效應檢驗，結論表明銀行貸款規(guī)模在政治關聯(lián)作用于企業(yè)績效的過程中存在負向中介效應，短期貸款和長期貸款發(fā)揮著正向中介效應。 根據(jù)實證研究的結論，本文提出了促進我國中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的政策建議，例如轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能、健全法制建設以及創(chuàng)造良好的金融環(huán)境等。此外，本文在最后也指出了研究的不足之處和進一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the small and medium-sized enterprises in our country have gradually become the mainstay of our national economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in promoting economic growth, stimulating employment, speeding up innovation and driving economic system reform. In recent years, due to the depression of the external economic environment and the slowdown of the internal economic growth rate, the problems existing in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises have been gradually exposed, such as the heavy burden of taxes and fees, the weak protection of property rights, and the difficulty of financing, and so on. This will undoubtedly limit the further growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Under the background of China's economic transformation, this paper points out that the key to the above problems lies in the lack of perfect legal environment and effective financial system. Institutional weaknesses require small and medium-sized enterprises to establish political connections to make up for the deficiencies of the formal system and to protect their own development. Therefore, it is of great significance to actively pay attention to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, to improve the management of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country, to promote the performance of enterprises and to promote the economic growth of our country. Under the above background, this paper makes a detailed review of the current situation of the research on political correlation, the relationship between banks and enterprises, and firm performance, and puts forward the relevant research hypotheses based on the theoretical basis of the three theories. This paper tries to prove that on the one hand, the small and medium-sized enterprises in our country can help them evade government regulation, obtain scarce resources, and directly improve the performance of enterprises, on the other hand, they can help them to improve the relationship between banks and enterprises, and take the relationship between banks and enterprises as the intermediary variable. To further affect corporate performance. In the empirical analysis, this paper first studies the mechanism of political association on enterprise performance, and concludes that political association has a significant role in promoting corporate performance; after further differentiating the types of political association, The research shows that compared with the local political background, the central political connection background can promote enterprise performance more. Secondly, this paper studies the mechanism of political association on the relationship between banks and enterprises. The conclusion shows that political association can improve the scale of bank loans, and the term structure of the loans is short term loans. This paper studies the mechanism of the relationship between banks and enterprises on corporate performance. The conclusion shows that the scale of bank loans has a negative impact on corporate performance, and short-term loans have a significant positive impact on corporate performance. Finally, the paper tests the intermediary effect of the relationship between banks and enterprises, and concludes that the scale of bank loans has a negative intermediary effect in the process of political connection to firm performance, while short-term loans and long-term loans play a positive intermediary effect. According to the conclusion of the empirical study, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, such as transforming government functions, perfecting the legal system and creating a good financial environment. In addition, this paper also pointed out the shortcomings of the study and the direction of further research.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.3;F832.4

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