中國上市商業(yè)銀行競爭力實證研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-10 07:22
【摘要】：銀行業(yè)處于金融體系的核心地位,在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟中扮演著越來越重要的角色。在后金融危機時代,世界經(jīng)濟金融格局發(fā)生了重大變革,全球銀行業(yè)也發(fā)生了根本性的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,并呈現(xiàn)出競爭激烈、風(fēng)險加劇和創(chuàng)新加劇的發(fā)展趨勢。自1994年我國啟動銀行商業(yè)化改革以來,銀行業(yè)整體實力不斷提升,資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量大幅改善,盈利水平和抗風(fēng)險能力不斷加強。但是從整體而言,我國銀行業(yè)的競爭力仍然較弱。未來中國銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展可謂是“機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存,機會與風(fēng)險同在”。在此背景之下,加快銀行業(yè)經(jīng)營模式和發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)型,擴大銀行業(yè)的對外開放,繼續(xù)強化和改進金融監(jiān)管,從而不斷提高商業(yè)銀行的競爭力,將是“十二五”時期銀行業(yè)改革與發(fā)展的主題。上市商業(yè)銀行是我國商業(yè)銀行體制改革的先行者,通過對其競爭力的剖析,能夠為開拓提升我國商業(yè)銀行體系競爭力的路徑提供啟示。因此,研究銀行業(yè)的競爭力具有十分重要的理論與實踐意義。 本文以企業(yè)競爭力理論為依據(jù),綜合考慮商業(yè)銀行的特性,以競爭力形成機理為核心闡釋了商業(yè)銀行競爭力理論。在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,以上市商業(yè)銀行為分析對象,進行了實證研究。論文從經(jīng)營管理能力、資產(chǎn)安全與穩(wěn)定,流動性及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度出發(fā),構(gòu)建了商業(yè)銀行競爭力綜合評價指標(biāo)體系,采用因子分析法測量了各類銀行競爭力的差異性；并對其影響因素進行了經(jīng)驗檢驗；進而探尋了提升商業(yè)銀行競爭力的途徑。本文的研究得出了如下重要結(jié)論： (1)商業(yè)銀行競爭力是維系其生存與持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),是商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部條件與外部環(huán)境相互作用的綜合結(jié)果。商業(yè)銀行競爭力模型顯示出Y(競爭力)是Ei(外部環(huán)境因素,如宏觀環(huán)境因素、行業(yè)環(huán)境因素等)與Xi(資源要素、能力要素)的函數(shù),只有從兩方面入手,才能全面提高商業(yè)銀行的競爭力。 (2)從經(jīng)營管理能力、資產(chǎn)安全與穩(wěn)定,流動性及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度,構(gòu)建了商業(yè)銀行競爭力綜合評價指標(biāo)體系,對2012年16家上市商業(yè)銀行的競爭力進行實證評估。因子分析的結(jié)果顯示：就綜合水平而言,國有控股商業(yè)銀行強于股份制商業(yè)銀行與城市商業(yè)銀行；而就單項指標(biāo)而言,如風(fēng)險控制能力,國有控股商業(yè)銀行弱于股份制商業(yè)銀行。 (3)商業(yè)銀行競爭力要受企業(yè)內(nèi)部條件與外部環(huán)境的綜合影響。實證檢驗顯示：在微觀因素方面,資產(chǎn)規(guī)模與商業(yè)銀行競爭力呈同向相關(guān)關(guān)系,尤其會對國有控股銀行產(chǎn)生重要影響,流動性比率與商業(yè)銀行競爭力呈同向相關(guān)關(guān)系；資本充足率與商業(yè)銀行競爭力呈反向相關(guān)關(guān)系。在中觀因素方面,所有制屬性會對商業(yè)銀行競爭力產(chǎn)生影響,由此決定了國有控股銀行的綜合競爭力水平大多強于股份制銀行與城市商業(yè)銀行。在宏觀因素方面,稅收負(fù)擔(dān)對商業(yè)銀行競爭力具有顯著的影響,尤其會對國有控股銀行產(chǎn)生重要影響,稅負(fù)過重會壓縮商業(yè)銀行盈利空間,導(dǎo)致競爭力水平下降。 (4)提升商業(yè)銀行競爭力的基本途徑在于營造良好的金融外部環(huán)境與優(yōu)化商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部環(huán)境。通過加快政府轉(zhuǎn)型,培育金融市場機制,建立多層次的金融市場及銀行體系,營造良好的金融外部環(huán)境。通過商業(yè)銀行制度創(chuàng)新,優(yōu)化公司治理結(jié)構(gòu),強化市場營銷戰(zhàn)略,再造組織結(jié)構(gòu),提升管理水平；通過制度創(chuàng)新,努力提升風(fēng)險管控能力、盈利能力、創(chuàng)新能力,以達到提高商業(yè)銀行競爭力的目的。
[Abstract]:The banking industry is the core of the financial system and plays a more and more important role in the modern economy. In the post financial crisis era, the world economic and financial structure has undergone major changes. The global banking industry has also undergone fundamental structural adjustment, showing a trend of fierce competition, intensification of risk and intensification of innovation. Since 1994, I have shown a trend of development. Since the commercial reform of the bank has been launched, the overall strength of the banking industry has been continuously improved, the quality of the assets has been greatly improved, the level of profitability and the ability to resist risk have been strengthened continuously. However, the competitiveness of the banking industry in China is still weak. Under the view, speeding up the transformation of the banking business model and development mode, expanding the opening of the banking industry, continuing to strengthen and improving the financial supervision and improving the competitiveness of the commercial banks will be the theme of the reform and development of the banking industry in the "12th Five-Year" period. The listed commercial bank is the pioneer of the reform of the commercial bank system in China. The analysis of its competitiveness can provide inspiration for developing the way to enhance the competitiveness of China's commercial banks. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the competitiveness of the banking industry.
This paper, based on the theory of enterprise competitiveness, comprehensively considers the characteristics of commercial banks and explains the competitiveness theory of commercial banks at the core. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, the paper takes the listed commercial banks as the analysis object and carries out an empirical study. The thesis is from the management ability, the security and stability of the assets, the liquidity and the availability. From the point of view of continued development, the comprehensive evaluation index system of commercial banks' competitiveness is constructed, the difference of the competitiveness of all kinds of banks is measured by factor analysis, and the empirical test of its influencing factors is carried out, and then the ways to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks are explored. The following conclusions are drawn as follows:
(1) the competitiveness of commercial banks is the basis for maintaining their survival and sustainable development. It is the comprehensive result of the interaction between the internal conditions of commercial banks and the external environment. The competitiveness model of commercial banks shows that the Y (competitiveness) is the function of Ei (external environmental factors, such as macro environmental factors, industry environmental factors, etc.) and Xi (resource elements, capacity factors), Only from two aspects can we improve the competitiveness of commercial banks in an all-round way.
(2) from the perspective of management ability, asset safety and stability, liquidity and sustainable development, the comprehensive evaluation index system of commercial banks' competitiveness is constructed, and the competitiveness of 16 listed commercial banks in 2012 is empirically evaluated. The result of factor analysis shows that, as far as the comprehensive level is concerned, the state-owned holding commercial banks are stronger than the joint-stock merchants. Industrial banks and urban commercial banks; and in terms of individual indicators, such as risk control capability, state-controlled commercial banks are weaker than joint-stock commercial banks.
(3) the competitiveness of commercial banks should be influenced by the comprehensive influence of the internal conditions and the external environment of the enterprise. The empirical test shows that in the micro factor, the scale of the assets has the same relationship with the competitiveness of the commercial banks, especially the important influence on the state-owned holding banks, and the liquidity ratio has the same relationship with the competitiveness of the commercial banks; There is a reverse correlation between the adequacy ratio and the competitiveness of commercial banks. In terms of medium factors, ownership will have an impact on the competitiveness of commercial banks, which determines that the level of the comprehensive competitiveness of the state-owned holding banks is most stronger than that of the joint-stock banks and the urban commercial banks. It has a significant impact, especially on state-owned holding banks. Overweight taxation will reduce the profit margin of commercial banks, leading to a decline in competitiveness.
(4) the basic way to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks is to create a good financial external environment and optimize the internal environment of commercial banks. By speeding up the transformation of the government, fostering the financial market mechanism, establishing a multi-level financial market and banking system, creating a good external financial environment, and optimizing the corporate governance through the innovation of the commercial bank system. Structure, strengthen the marketing strategy, rebuild the organization structure, improve the management level. Through the system innovation, we strive to improve the ability of risk management, profit and innovation, in order to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F271;F832.33
本文編號：2175364
[Abstract]:The banking industry is the core of the financial system and plays a more and more important role in the modern economy. In the post financial crisis era, the world economic and financial structure has undergone major changes. The global banking industry has also undergone fundamental structural adjustment, showing a trend of fierce competition, intensification of risk and intensification of innovation. Since 1994, I have shown a trend of development. Since the commercial reform of the bank has been launched, the overall strength of the banking industry has been continuously improved, the quality of the assets has been greatly improved, the level of profitability and the ability to resist risk have been strengthened continuously. However, the competitiveness of the banking industry in China is still weak. Under the view, speeding up the transformation of the banking business model and development mode, expanding the opening of the banking industry, continuing to strengthen and improving the financial supervision and improving the competitiveness of the commercial banks will be the theme of the reform and development of the banking industry in the "12th Five-Year" period. The listed commercial bank is the pioneer of the reform of the commercial bank system in China. The analysis of its competitiveness can provide inspiration for developing the way to enhance the competitiveness of China's commercial banks. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the competitiveness of the banking industry.
This paper, based on the theory of enterprise competitiveness, comprehensively considers the characteristics of commercial banks and explains the competitiveness theory of commercial banks at the core. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, the paper takes the listed commercial banks as the analysis object and carries out an empirical study. The thesis is from the management ability, the security and stability of the assets, the liquidity and the availability. From the point of view of continued development, the comprehensive evaluation index system of commercial banks' competitiveness is constructed, the difference of the competitiveness of all kinds of banks is measured by factor analysis, and the empirical test of its influencing factors is carried out, and then the ways to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks are explored. The following conclusions are drawn as follows:
(1) the competitiveness of commercial banks is the basis for maintaining their survival and sustainable development. It is the comprehensive result of the interaction between the internal conditions of commercial banks and the external environment. The competitiveness model of commercial banks shows that the Y (competitiveness) is the function of Ei (external environmental factors, such as macro environmental factors, industry environmental factors, etc.) and Xi (resource elements, capacity factors), Only from two aspects can we improve the competitiveness of commercial banks in an all-round way.
(2) from the perspective of management ability, asset safety and stability, liquidity and sustainable development, the comprehensive evaluation index system of commercial banks' competitiveness is constructed, and the competitiveness of 16 listed commercial banks in 2012 is empirically evaluated. The result of factor analysis shows that, as far as the comprehensive level is concerned, the state-owned holding commercial banks are stronger than the joint-stock merchants. Industrial banks and urban commercial banks; and in terms of individual indicators, such as risk control capability, state-controlled commercial banks are weaker than joint-stock commercial banks.
(3) the competitiveness of commercial banks should be influenced by the comprehensive influence of the internal conditions and the external environment of the enterprise. The empirical test shows that in the micro factor, the scale of the assets has the same relationship with the competitiveness of the commercial banks, especially the important influence on the state-owned holding banks, and the liquidity ratio has the same relationship with the competitiveness of the commercial banks; There is a reverse correlation between the adequacy ratio and the competitiveness of commercial banks. In terms of medium factors, ownership will have an impact on the competitiveness of commercial banks, which determines that the level of the comprehensive competitiveness of the state-owned holding banks is most stronger than that of the joint-stock banks and the urban commercial banks. It has a significant impact, especially on state-owned holding banks. Overweight taxation will reduce the profit margin of commercial banks, leading to a decline in competitiveness.
(4) the basic way to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks is to create a good financial external environment and optimize the internal environment of commercial banks. By speeding up the transformation of the government, fostering the financial market mechanism, establishing a multi-level financial market and banking system, creating a good external financial environment, and optimizing the corporate governance through the innovation of the commercial bank system. Structure, strengthen the marketing strategy, rebuild the organization structure, improve the management level. Through the system innovation, we strive to improve the ability of risk management, profit and innovation, in order to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F271;F832.33
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