本文選題：外商直接投資(FDI) + 投資環(huán)境��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,全球?qū)ν庵苯油顿Y也得到了迅猛發(fā)展。美國(guó)作為世界上吸收FDI的大國(guó),發(fā)展至今仍是其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家直接投資的首選東道國(guó),同時(shí)美國(guó)也是中國(guó)目前對(duì)外直接投資額最大、中國(guó)企業(yè)數(shù)分布最多的國(guó)家(排在美國(guó)之前的中國(guó)直接投資最多的地區(qū)為香港和開曼群島)。因而深入分析美國(guó)的投資環(huán)境,不僅對(duì)各國(guó)改善本國(guó)的投資環(huán)境,加快本國(guó)吸收FDI的步伐有積極意義,也是保證中國(guó)在美國(guó)的直接投資良性發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)要求。雖然近年來有關(guān)投資環(huán)境的研究逐漸增多,各國(guó)學(xué)者分別從不同主體、不同角度采用不同方法對(duì)投資環(huán)境進(jìn)行研究,成果豐富。然而以美國(guó)為主體進(jìn)行的投資環(huán)境研究成果尚不多見。基于此,本文以美國(guó)吸收FDI投資環(huán)境研究為研究主題,從定性和定量?jī)蓚�(gè)方面,多角度、多層次地評(píng)價(jià)了美國(guó)的投資環(huán)境。本研究一方面有助于充實(shí)投資環(huán)境理論及評(píng)價(jià)方法,另一方面以期為中國(guó)對(duì)美直接投資提供富有啟示性的指導(dǎo)建議。 本文以投資環(huán)境的區(qū)位理論、國(guó)際生產(chǎn)折衷理論和門檻理論為基礎(chǔ),闡述了美國(guó)吸收FDI歷史,根據(jù)世界銀行和全球城市競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力報(bào)告收集到的數(shù)據(jù),建立了投資環(huán)境指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系；使用Critic方法從美國(guó)整體角度和城市角度對(duì)其投資環(huán)境進(jìn)行了定量評(píng)價(jià)；同時(shí)定性評(píng)價(jià)了美國(guó)典型州的投資環(huán)境。運(yùn)用時(shí)空分析方法分別從國(guó)家層面、州層面、城市層面分析了中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資情況,得出了美國(guó)投資環(huán)境與中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資空間分布的耦合關(guān)系,即投資環(huán)境越好的地區(qū),中國(guó)投資企業(yè)數(shù)越多。同時(shí)對(duì)美國(guó)投資環(huán)境的研究,也是為了吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn),使中國(guó)有針對(duì)性地在投資環(huán)境的改善方面做出努力,以期更好地吸引FDI,因此本文最后借鑒國(guó)別投資環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果從政治因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、政策環(huán)境、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等方面提出了改善中國(guó)投資環(huán)境的建議。 本文的研究結(jié)論主要有： (1)美國(guó)投資環(huán)境研究 在國(guó)家層面,本文選取了美國(guó)、中國(guó)、日本、英國(guó)、法國(guó)、俄羅斯、巴西、南非、德國(guó)、印度十個(gè)代表性國(guó)家,通過建立指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系,運(yùn)用Critic方法將十國(guó)的投資環(huán)境進(jìn)行客觀對(duì)比,得出美國(guó)在整體投資環(huán)境上明顯優(yōu)于其他國(guó)家,然而在具體因素方面美國(guó)在政策環(huán)境方面排名較靠后。與美國(guó)相比,中國(guó)在整體投資環(huán)境上次于美國(guó)兩位,但在具體因素方面,政治因素、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及政策環(huán)境三因素均排名靠后。 在州層面,本文選取了紐約州、密歇根州、佐治亞州、加利福尼亞州、俄克拉荷馬州五個(gè)代表性州分別從自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、交通及文化、投資政策四方面對(duì)投資環(huán)境進(jìn)行定性評(píng)價(jià),得出加利福尼亞州在各方面均優(yōu)于其他州的結(jié)論。 在城市層面,本文選取了紐約、芝加哥、舊金山、洛杉磯、亞特蘭大、鳳凰城、圣路易斯七個(gè)代表性城市,建立指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系,運(yùn)用Critic方法分別從政治因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、生活質(zhì)量及區(qū)位因素五方面對(duì)其進(jìn)行客觀評(píng)價(jià)。得出紐約在投資環(huán)境綜合得分上明顯優(yōu)于其他城市,在具體因素上紐約在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及生活質(zhì)量方面均排名第一,而在政治因素及經(jīng)濟(jì)因素方面稍落后于舊金山。 (2)中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資研究 本文分別從國(guó)家、州、城市三個(gè)層面對(duì)中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資特征進(jìn)行研究。 中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資從總量上看處在波動(dòng)性上升的過程中。從投資行業(yè)上看以能源行業(yè)投資為主。從投資方式上看以綠地投資為主,收購(gòu)為輔。從投資主體上看以民營(yíng)企業(yè)為主,國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)為輔。 中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)各州投資情況從總體上看主要集中于美國(guó)西部太平洋沿岸、南部沿海及五大湖附近,具體為加利福尼亞州、德克薩斯州、密歇根州、紐約州、伊利諾斯州。從投資主體上看大多數(shù)以民營(yíng)企業(yè)為主,甚至某些州的中國(guó)企業(yè)完全為民營(yíng)企業(yè)。從投資方式上看多數(shù)以綠地投資為主,但也不乏以并購(gòu)?fù)顿Y為主的州。從投資行業(yè)上看各州投資行業(yè)均種類多樣,無明顯單一性。 中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)各城市投資情況從總量上看洛杉磯與紐約投資數(shù)量較多,從投資行業(yè)上看整體上以能源和通信行業(yè)為主。
[Abstract]:With the further development of economic globalization, global direct investment has also developed rapidly. As a big country absorbing FDI in the world, the development of the United States is still the preferred host country for direct investment in other developing countries and developed countries. At the same time, the United States is China's largest foreign direct investment, and the number of Chinese enterprises is the most distributed. Many countries (the largest areas of direct investment in China before the United States are Hongkong and the Cayman Islands). Therefore, it is of positive significance not only to improve the investment environment of the country, but also to accelerate the pace of the national absorption of FDI, but also a realistic requirement to ensure the benign development of China's direct investment in the United States. In recent years, the research on investment environment has increased gradually. Scholars in different countries have studied the investment environment from different subjects and different angles. However, the research results of investment environment in the United States are still few. Based on this, this paper takes the study of FDI investment environment in the United States as the research topic, and it is determined to be the subject of the study. Two aspects of sex and quantification, multi angle, multi-level evaluation of the investment environment in the United States. On the one hand, this study helps to enrich the investment environment theory and evaluation methods, on the other hand, it is expected to provide enlightening guidance for China's direct investment in the United States.
Based on the location theory of investment environment, International Production Compromise Theory and threshold theory, this paper expounds the absorption of FDI history in the United States. According to the data collected by the world bank and the global city competitiveness report, the investment environment index evaluation system is set up, and the investment environment of the United States and the city angle is used by the Critic method. The quantitative evaluation is carried out, and the investment environment in the typical states of the United States is qualitatively evaluated. The direct investment situation of China to the United States is analyzed from the state level, the state level and the city level by the time and space analysis method, and the coupling relationship between the American investment environment and the US direct investment space distribution in the United States is obtained, that is, the better the investment environment is. There are more investment enterprises in China. At the same time, the research on the investment environment in the United States is also to draw lessons from the experience, so that China will make efforts to improve the investment environment in order to attract FDI better, so this article finally draws on the results of the country investment environment from the political factors, economic factors, policy environment, infrastructure and so on. Suggestions are put forward to improve the investment environment in China.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1) research on the investment environment in the United States
At the national level, this paper selects ten representative countries of the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Brazil, South Africa, Germany and India. Through the establishment of the index evaluation system, the investment environment of the ten countries is objectively contrasted by the Critic method, and the United States is obviously superior to other countries in the overall investment environment. However, the specific factors are in specific factors. Compared with the United States, China has the two largest investment environment in the United States, but in specific factors, political factors, infrastructure and policy environment, three factors are behind the rankings.
At the state level, five representative states of New York, Michigan, Georgia, California, Oklahoma, and Oklahoma State respectively from the natural environment, economic factors, transportation and culture, and investment policies to make qualitative evaluation on the investment environment. It is concluded that California is better than other states in all aspects.
In the city level, this paper selects seven representative cities of New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Losangeles, Atlanta, Fenghuang and Saint Louis, and establishes an index evaluation system. It uses the Critic method to evaluate it objectively from five aspects of political factors, economic factors, infrastructure, life quality and location factors. The overall environmental score is obviously superior to other cities. In specific factors, New York ranks first in infrastructure and quality of life, while in political and economic factors it is slightly behind San Francisco.
(2) the study of China's direct investment in the United States
This paper studies the characteristics of China's direct investment in the United States from three levels: state, state and city.
China's direct investment in the United States is in the process of rising volatility. From the investment industry, it is mainly invested in the energy industry. From the way of investment, green investment is the main part, and the purchase is supplemented. From the investment subject, the private enterprises are mainly private enterprises and the state-owned enterprises are supplemented.
In general, China's investment in American States is mainly concentrated on the Western Pacific coast, the southern coast and the five Great Lakes, specifically California, Texas, Michigan, New York, and Illinois. Most of them are mainly civilian enterprises from the investment subject, and even the Chinese enterprises in some states are completely people. From the way of investment, most of them are mainly green land investment, but there are no lack of state with M & A investment. From the investment industry, there are various types of investment industries in all States, and there is no obvious singleness.
China's investment in the cities of the United States shows that Losangeles and New York have a large investment volume. From the perspective of investment industry, the energy and communication industries are the main ones.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F837.12

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