本文選題：科技型中小企業(yè) + 信用評價��； 參考：《貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：對于推動科技自主創(chuàng)新、促進經(jīng)濟持續(xù)增長、提供更多就業(yè)崗位和維護社會穩(wěn)定發(fā)展等方面，科技型中小企業(yè)的作用日益明顯。然而科技型中小企業(yè)由于普遍存在較高的技術(shù)風(fēng)險、市場風(fēng)險和管理風(fēng)險，加之其資產(chǎn)總量普遍不大，又大多以無形資產(chǎn)為主，而可供抵押的有形資產(chǎn)少，在商業(yè)銀行等金融機構(gòu)現(xiàn)行的適用大型企業(yè)的信用評價體系下得到的信用等級低，在金融機構(gòu)基于安全性的經(jīng)營原則下難以獲得信貸，這導(dǎo)致科技型中小企業(yè)普遍存在融資難的問題。反之，現(xiàn)階段商業(yè)銀行等金融機構(gòu)對大型企業(yè)的金融業(yè)務(wù)已成“紅�！笔袌�，效益增長有限，加杠桿也沒有空間，相對于科技型中小企業(yè)金融業(yè)務(wù)這片“藍�！笔袌�，商業(yè)銀行等金融機構(gòu)有意拓展科技型中小企業(yè)金融業(yè)務(wù)，以優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)、增加盈利能力。兩者之間存在一個契合點，這個契合點就是建立針對性的科技型中小企業(yè)信用評價體系，以解決科技型中小企業(yè)與商業(yè)銀行等金融機構(gòu)之間形成的上述問題，達到共贏。 于是，本文在綜述國內(nèi)外相關(guān)中小企業(yè)信用評價研究文獻的基礎(chǔ)上，遵循企業(yè)信用評價基本理論，深入分析和刻畫了我國科技型中小企業(yè)的一般特征和信用特征，并結(jié)合我國國情和科技型中小企業(yè)的特征，首先運用因子分析法構(gòu)建了一套更具針對性的科技型中小企業(yè)信用評價指標(biāo)體系；然后探索和應(yīng)用了一種系統(tǒng)綜合方法——模糊DEA法對科技型中小企業(yè)進行信用評價，初步建立起了一套比較完備的科技型中小企業(yè)信用評價體系；隨后在深圳證券交易所的中小企業(yè)板塊選取了38家科技型中小企業(yè)作為樣本，對本文構(gòu)建的科技型中小企業(yè)信用評價體系進行實證分析，并根據(jù)實證的結(jié)果，對體系回補了信用等級評定過程；最后得出了本文建立的科技型中小企業(yè)信用評級體系具有較強的操作性、適用性和可靠性的結(jié)論。 本文針對以上研究內(nèi)容，緊密圍繞著科技型中小企業(yè)信用評價問題，運用文獻檢索與實地調(diào)研相結(jié)合、定量分析與定性分析相結(jié)合、理論研究與實證分析相結(jié)合的方法，，共分七章展開了論述，形成了一套較完備的科技型中小企業(yè)信用評價體系。并最終在兩個方面形成了創(chuàng)新，第一，本文首次把模糊DEA方法應(yīng)用于對科技型中小企業(yè)進行信用評價，提高了信用評價結(jié)果的客觀性和準(zhǔn)確性；并通過MATLAB編程，使得運用模糊DEA法對科技型中小企業(yè)進行信用評價變得更簡便易行；第二，本文構(gòu)建的科技型中小企業(yè)信用評價指標(biāo)體系中引入了RD投入強度和企業(yè)所處生命周期階段兩個反映企業(yè)動態(tài)變化的指標(biāo)，體現(xiàn)了金融機構(gòu)在對企業(yè)進行信用評價時需關(guān)注企業(yè)動態(tài)變化的思想。
[Abstract]:For promoting independent innovation in science and technology, promoting sustained economic growth, providing more jobs and maintaining social stability and development, the role of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises is becoming increasingly obvious. However, due to the high technical risk, market risk and management risk, the total amount of their assets is generally small, and most of them are mainly intangible assets, but the tangible assets that can be mortgaged are few. The credit rating obtained under the current credit evaluation system applicable to large enterprises in commercial banks and other financial institutions is low, and it is difficult to obtain credit under the principle of safe operation of financial institutions. This leads to the problem of difficult financing for small and medium-sized S & T enterprises. On the contrary, at this stage, the financial business of commercial banks and other financial institutions to large enterprises has become the "Red Sea" market, with limited growth in efficiency and no room for leverage, in contrast to the "blue sea" market for the financial services of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises. Commercial banks and other financial institutions intend to expand the financial business of small and medium-sized technological enterprises in order to optimize the credit structure and increase profitability. There is a point of convergence between the two, which is to establish a targeted credit evaluation system for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, in order to solve the above problems between the high-tech SMEs and commercial banks and other financial institutions, so as to achieve a win-win situation. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign literatures on credit evaluation of small and medium-sized enterprises at home and abroad, and following the basic theory of enterprise credit evaluation, this paper deeply analyzes and depicts the general characteristics and credit characteristics of science and technology SMEs in China. According to the national conditions of our country and the characteristics of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, a set of more targeted credit evaluation index system of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises is constructed by using factor analysis method. Then it explores and applies a systematic comprehensive method-fuzzy DEA method to evaluate the credit of small and medium-sized sci-tech enterprises, and establishes a set of relatively complete credit evaluation system for sci-tech SMEs. Then, 38 science and technology SMEs are selected as samples in Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The credit evaluation system of this paper is empirically analyzed, and according to the empirical results, Finally, the credit rating system established in this paper has strong operability, applicability and reliability. In view of the above research contents, this paper closely revolves around the question of credit evaluation of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, using the methods of combining literature retrieval and field investigation, combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, combining theoretical research with empirical analysis. It is divided into seven chapters, forming a set of relatively complete credit evaluation system for small and medium-sized S & T enterprises. Finally, two aspects of innovation have been formed. First, the fuzzy DEA method is applied to the credit evaluation of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises for the first time, which improves the objectivity and accuracy of the credit evaluation results, and is programmed by MATLAB. Make it easier to use fuzzy DEA method to evaluate the credit of small and medium-sized technological enterprises. Second, In the credit evaluation index system of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper introduces the R D input intensity and the life cycle stage of the enterprise to reflect the dynamic change of the enterprise. It reflects the idea that financial institutions should pay attention to the dynamic changes of enterprises when evaluating the credit of enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.44;F832.4

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