本文選題：城鎮(zhèn)金融 + 農(nóng)村金融　； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：金融作為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展具有重要的促進(jìn)作用。自改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)的金融體系不斷完善，城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融都得到了一定的發(fā)展。農(nóng)村金融體系也逐漸形成了以中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行、農(nóng)村信用社、郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行為主的形式。但總體來(lái)看，金融對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)作用還很有限，城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村也暴露出了一些金融發(fā)展問(wèn)題，尤其是在經(jīng)濟(jì)落后的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，金融問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)主體從就近金融機(jī)構(gòu)獲取金融產(chǎn)品和金融服務(wù)存在一定的困難，即金融排斥(Financial Exclusion)問(wèn)題。 一般認(rèn)為，金融排斥是指由于沒(méi)有合適的獲取渠道，社會(huì)中的部分經(jīng)濟(jì)主體不能以合適的方式獲得主流金融機(jī)構(gòu)提供的金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。它是一個(gè)多維度的動(dòng)態(tài)復(fù)合概念，不僅與金融服務(wù)的地理可達(dá)性即地理排斥有關(guān)，而且還包括評(píng)估排斥、條件排斥、價(jià)格排斥、營(yíng)銷排斥、自我排斥。目前，中國(guó)金融排斥現(xiàn)象已十分普遍，各省市、自治區(qū)、直轄市之間，以及城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村之間的金融排斥程度都相差較大。因此，研究金融排斥問(wèn)題，將金融發(fā)展與擺脫貧困聯(lián)系起來(lái)，能夠?yàn)橹袊?guó)治理嚴(yán)峻的貧富差距，城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村之間以及區(qū)域之間發(fā)展不平衡等問(wèn)題提供支持，同時(shí)擴(kuò)展了學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)金融發(fā)展問(wèn)題的研究維度。 另外，金融排斥作為社會(huì)排斥的一個(gè)子集，是社會(huì)排斥在金融領(lǐng)域的延伸。一方面中國(guó)正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的階段，一些社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題也逐漸暴露了出來(lái)，如貧富差距、城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村之間以及區(qū)域之間發(fā)展不平衡等問(wèn)題。另一方面，政府正大力推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，以及以人為核心的城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程。因此，研究中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村的金融排斥問(wèn)題，對(duì)于完善中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融體系，緩解社會(huì)排斥程度，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融健康持續(xù)的發(fā)展，都具有非常重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 基于以上的分析，本文從城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村二元視角出發(fā)，研究中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異與影響因素。首先，文章通過(guò)對(duì)已有研究的分析和借鑒，構(gòu)建了金融排斥四維評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，采用主成分分析法科學(xué)的測(cè)度了中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村的金融排斥差異程度，并根據(jù)測(cè)算出的指數(shù)值，對(duì)各省市進(jìn)行了綜合排名和評(píng)價(jià)分析。然后，利用1995-2011年間中國(guó)29個(gè)樣本省市、自治區(qū)、直轄市的面板數(shù)據(jù)，用兩階段最小二乘估計(jì)(2SLS)法,從外部環(huán)境和個(gè)人稟賦兩個(gè)方面，對(duì)中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異的影響因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。結(jié)論主要有以下幾點(diǎn)： 一是，中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異顯著。在中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)背景下，城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不平衡，二者金融業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)程各異，導(dǎo)致城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異問(wèn)題日益擴(kuò)大；二是，中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異具有地理集聚性，即從整體上看，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)迅速的東部沿海地區(qū)，其城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異問(wèn)題比中西部更加顯著；三是，對(duì)中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異的影響因素實(shí)證研究可知，地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值、固定資產(chǎn)投資、地區(qū)年齡結(jié)構(gòu)以及居民消費(fèi)水平四個(gè)因素與各省市城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥差異之間呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān)，而人均財(cái)政支出、女性人口占比和受教育狀況則呈現(xiàn)出負(fù)的顯著性影響。 最后，針對(duì)文章的研究和探討，結(jié)合中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村金融排斥的現(xiàn)狀，提出四個(gè)方面的建議。即統(tǒng)籌中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)與農(nóng)村之間以及各區(qū)域之間的發(fā)展，增強(qiáng)各地區(qū)金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的可得性；創(chuàng)新金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，強(qiáng)化金融知識(shí)教育；以及增強(qiáng)政府支持力度，加強(qiáng)體制建設(shè)，完善金融體系；大力增加農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)供給，減少金融排斥。
[Abstract]:As the core of modern economy, finance plays an important role in promoting the development of the economy and society. Since the reform and opening up, China's financial system has been perfected, and the urban and rural finance has been developed. The rural financial system has gradually formed with the Agricultural Bank of China, the agricultural development Bank of China, the rural credit cooperatives and the postal storage. However, in general, the role of Finance in promoting China's economic growth is still limited, and some financial problems have been exposed in towns and rural areas, especially in the backward rural areas, and the financial problems are more serious, resulting in the existence of financial products and financial services from the financial institutions in the near financial institutions. The difficulty is Financial Exclusion.
It is generally believed that financial exclusion refers to the lack of appropriate access channels. Some economic entities in the society cannot obtain financial products and services provided by the mainstream financial institutions in a suitable way. It is a multi-dimensional and dynamic complex concept, not only related to the geographical accessibility of financial services, but also the assessment of geographical exclusion. Exclusion, condition exclusion, price exclusion, marketing exclusion, self exclusion. At present, China's financial exclusion is very common. The degree of financial exclusion between cities and cities, between cities and towns and between towns and rural areas is quite different. Therefore, the study of financial exclusion is related to the relationship between financial development and poverty relief. The grim gap between the rich and the poor, the disequilibrium between towns and the countryside, and the uneven development of the region have been supported, and the academic dimension of the research on financial development has been expanded.
In addition, Financial Exclusion, as a subset of social exclusion, is an extension of social exclusion in the financial field. On the one hand, China is in the stage of sustained and rapid economic development, and some social and economic problems are gradually exposed, such as the gap between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the cities and the countryside and the development of the region. On the other hand, the government It is making great efforts to promote the construction of new socialist countryside and the process of urbanization. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the financial exclusion of Chinese towns and rural areas, to improve the financial system of China's towns and rural areas, to alleviate the degree of social exclusion and to promote the sustained development of economic and financial health.
Based on the above analysis, this paper studies the differences and influence factors of China's urban and rural financial exclusion from the perspective of urban and rural two yuan. First, through the analysis and reference of the existing research, the paper constructs a four dimension evaluation index system for Financial Exclusion, and uses the principal component analysis to measure the finance of China's urban and rural areas scientifically. Excluding the degree of difference, and according to the calculated value, the provinces and cities are ranked and evaluated. Then, using the panel data of 29 samples of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government of China in the past 1995-2011 years, the two stage least square estimation (2SLS) method is used in two aspects of the external environment and personal endowment to China's urban and rural finance. The conclusion is as follows:
First, there are significant differences in financial exclusion between cities and rural areas in China. In the context of the two yuan economic structure of China's cities and rural areas, the economic growth of towns and rural areas is unbalanced and the development process of the two financial industry is different, which leads to the increasing problem of the difference between urban and rural financial exclusion, and two, the differences of Financial Exclusion in urban and rural areas in China have a geographical collection. On the whole, in the eastern coastal areas with rapid economic growth, the problem of urban and Rural Financial Exclusion differences is more significant than that in the central and western regions. Three, the empirical study of the factors affecting the differences of urban and Rural Financial Exclusion in China shows that the GDP, the investment in fixed assets, the age structure of the region and the consumption level of the residents There is a significant positive correlation between the four factors and the differences in urban and Rural Financial Exclusion in various provinces and cities, while the per capita fiscal expenditure, the proportion of women's population and the situation of education have a negative significant impact.
Finally, in view of the research and discussion of the article, combined with the current situation of China's urban and rural financial exclusion, four suggestions are put forward. That is, to co-ordinate the development of China's cities and towns and between the regions, to enhance the availability of financial products and services in each region, to innovate financial products and services, to strengthen the education of financial knowledge; and to increase the financial knowledge education; Strong government support, strengthen system construction, improve the financial system, vigorously increase the supply of rural financial services, reduce financial exclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.21;F832.35

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本文編號(hào)：1966884