本文選題：土地使用權(quán) + 影響因素　； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究基于產(chǎn)權(quán)理論和擔(dān)保理論,以農(nóng)戶為主體研究對(duì)象,對(duì)農(nóng)戶土地抵押貸款意愿和模式優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究。首先,本文從農(nóng)村土地抵押試點(diǎn)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),以農(nóng)村實(shí)際情況分析農(nóng)戶土地抵押政策實(shí)施的可行性與必要性,指出農(nóng)戶土地抵押貸款的實(shí)施具有時(shí)代發(fā)展必然性和現(xiàn)實(shí)可行性。在此基礎(chǔ)上以案例的方式分析了有代表性的農(nóng)戶土地抵押貸款模式,并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)效果和模式特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行剖析；同時(shí)對(duì)農(nóng)村土地抵押試點(diǎn)進(jìn)行綜合分類(lèi)并比較,找出我國(guó)農(nóng)戶土地抵押試點(diǎn)所積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和存在的問(wèn)題,為以后的農(nóng)地抵押模式優(yōu)化和對(duì)策建議奠定基礎(chǔ)；其次,在微觀層次運(yùn)用計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法對(duì)農(nóng)戶的土地抵押意愿進(jìn)行分析,掌握農(nóng)戶對(duì)農(nóng)地抵押貸款業(yè)務(wù)的了解程度,了解農(nóng)戶貸款的需求意愿和農(nóng)地抵押貸款意愿等并對(duì)其進(jìn)行影響因素分析,找出影響農(nóng)戶不同貸款意愿的因素；再次,在原來(lái)抵押模式的基礎(chǔ)上,找出現(xiàn)階段模式中普遍存在的問(wèn)題,提出模式不能-成不變,應(yīng)根據(jù)農(nóng)戶的資產(chǎn)情況、貸款用途、項(xiàng)目盈利情況和項(xiàng)目資產(chǎn)情況設(shè)定不同的貸款模式,對(duì)土地抵押模式進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。最后探討如何促進(jìn)土地抵押貸款的發(fā)展,增強(qiáng)農(nóng)戶貸款可獲得性,降低金融機(jī)構(gòu)信貸約束提出對(duì)策建議。本文的研究的主要結(jié)論分為以下幾個(gè)部分： (1)農(nóng)地抵押貸款模式的開(kāi)展具有時(shí)代發(fā)展必然性和現(xiàn)實(shí)可行性。 (2)農(nóng)地抵押模式以制度創(chuàng)新的形式將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分為土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)和土地承包權(quán),抵押標(biāo)的物是農(nóng)戶土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán),土地承包權(quán)歸不變。目前農(nóng)地抵押貸款的受益對(duì)象主要是農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)、專(zhuān)業(yè)合作社和農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)戶,普通農(nóng)戶獲得土地抵押貸款較少。 在實(shí)際的農(nóng)地抵押貸款試點(diǎn)中積累了-些經(jīng)驗(yàn),包括降低農(nóng)戶失地風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施、降低金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和抵押貸款試點(diǎn)選擇的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。同時(shí)目前抵押貸款中存在以下問(wèn)題：如農(nóng)地抵押缺乏法律效力,政策的不穩(wěn)定性影響當(dāng)事人預(yù)期、不完善的土地流轉(zhuǎn)交易平臺(tái)和宅基地閑置問(wèn)題等。 (3)通過(guò)對(duì)山東萊陽(yáng)和安徽肥東的農(nóng)戶調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)戶對(duì)新型的土地抵押貸款和宅基地抵押貸款知之甚少,了解有限。農(nóng)戶對(duì)貸款模式的具體運(yùn)作流程不了解,對(duì)貸款后失地風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顧慮嚴(yán)重。而許多成功的農(nóng)地貸款模式中有很多措施來(lái)控制失地風(fēng)險(xiǎn),農(nóng)戶都是不得而知。同時(shí),由于農(nóng)戶的土地抵押貸款意愿偏低,主要原因是收入結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和高成本信貸約束。而基于農(nóng)戶調(diào)研的截面調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù),使用了農(nóng)戶的自身特征、家庭特征和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征等變量,通過(guò)建立Logistic回歸模型來(lái)分析影響農(nóng)戶貸款意愿、土地抵押意愿和宅基地抵押意愿的各種因素。農(nóng)戶貸款意愿的影響因素依次是耕地面積、年齡、是否有貸款經(jīng)歷、收入支出比、受教育程度、性別等；農(nóng)戶土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)抵押貸款意愿的影響因素依次是貸款經(jīng)歷、性別、年齡、離金融機(jī)構(gòu)遠(yuǎn)近、受教育程度和是否有打工經(jīng)歷；農(nóng)戶房產(chǎn)抵押貸款意愿的最重要影響因素是性別、年齡、貸款經(jīng)歷、受教育程度和收入支出比。每個(gè)貸款意愿的主要影響因素各有不同,但是性別、年齡、貸款經(jīng)歷和受教育程度基本對(duì)各種貸款意愿都有顯著的影響,說(shuō)明了農(nóng)戶的自身特征對(duì)農(nóng)戶的貸款決定有重要影響；同時(shí)在土地貸款意愿的影響因素中是否了解新型的抵押模式對(duì)農(nóng)戶的貸款意愿也有重要影響,說(shuō)明農(nóng)戶對(duì)貸款模式的了解程度直接影響農(nóng)戶的貸款決策。 (4)根據(jù)農(nóng)戶的資產(chǎn)情況、貸款用途、信用情況、社會(huì)資本、項(xiàng)目盈利情況和項(xiàng)目資產(chǎn)情況,應(yīng)設(shè)定不同的貸款模式。農(nóng)戶土地抵押貸款優(yōu)化模式包括農(nóng)業(yè)增收型抵押貸款、土地收益權(quán)直接抵押貸款、閑置宅基地村集體擔(dān)保模式和創(chuàng)業(yè)型內(nèi)部項(xiàng)目資產(chǎn)抵押貸款模式。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of property right and the theory of guarantee , the paper studies the willingness and pattern of farmers ' land mortgage loan . Firstly , this paper analyzes the feasibility and necessity of rural land mortgage policy implementation from the current situation of rural land mortgage , and points out that the implementation of rural land mortgage loan has the necessity and feasibility of the times .
At the same time , the rural land mortgage pilot is comprehensively classified and compared , the experience and problems accumulated in the pilot of land mortgage in our country are found , which lays a foundation for the optimization of the future agricultural land mortgage model and the countermeasures .
Secondly , at the micro level , using the econometrics analysis method to analyze the land mortgage intentions of the farmers , master the degree of the farmer ' s understanding of the agricultural land mortgage business , understand the demand intention of the farmer ' s loan and the willingness of the agricultural land mortgage loan , etc . , and analyze the influencing factors to find out the factors that affect the willingness of the farmers to different loans ;
Thirdly , on the basis of the original mortgage model , find out the common problems in the current mode , put forward the model cannot be changed , and optimize the land mortgage model according to the assets of the farmer , the use of the loan , the profit of the project and the condition of the project assets . Finally , the author discusses how to promote the development of the land mortgage loan , enhance the availability of the farmers ' loan and reduce the credit constraint of the financial institution . The main conclusions of this paper are as follows :

( 1 ) The development of agricultural land mortgage loan model has the necessity and feasibility of the times .

( 2 ) The land contract management right is divided into the land management right and the land contract right in the form of system innovation , the mortgage object is the land management right of the farmer and the right of land contracting is the same . At present , the benefit object of the agricultural land mortgage loan is mainly the agricultural enterprise , the professional cooperative and the agricultural professional , and the ordinary farmer obtains less land mortgage loan .

There are some experiences in the pilot of the real agricultural land mortgage loan , including the measures to reduce the risk of farmer ' s loss of land , the experience of reducing the loan risk of financial institution and the experience of the pilot selection of mortgage loan . At the same time , there are the following problems in the current mortgage loan : such as the lack of legal effect of the agricultural land mortgage , the instability of the policy influence the expectation of the parties , the imperfect land transfer trading platform and the idle problem of the house .

( 3 ) Through the investigation of peasant households in Laiyang and Anhui Province in Shandong Province , the farmers have little knowledge about the new land mortgage loan and the house mortgage loan .
The factors influencing the willingness of farmers ' land management right to mortgage loan are loan experience , sex , age , distance from financial institutions , degree of education and whether there is working experience .
The most important factors influencing the willingness of farmers ' real estate mortgage loan are gender , age , loan experience , education level and income - to - expenditure ratio . The main influencing factors of the willingness of each loan are different , but the gender , age , loan experience and degree of education basically have significant influence on the willingness of various kinds of loans , which explains the important influence of the farmer ' s own characteristics on the loan decision of the farmer ;
At the same time , it is also important to know whether the new type of mortgage model has an important influence on the loan intentions of the farmers in the influencing factors of the willingness of the land loan , so that the degree of the farmer ' s understanding of the loan pattern directly affects the loan decision of the farmer .

( 4 ) Different loan modes should be set according to the assets of the farmer , the credit situation , social capital , project profitability and project assets . The optimization model of the farmer ' s land mortgage loan includes the agricultural income - increasing type mortgage loan , the direct mortgage loan of the land usufruct , the collective security mode of the idle house village and the enterprise - type internal project assets mortgage loan mode .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F321.1;F832.43

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