本文選題：支付機(jī)構(gòu) + 網(wǎng)絡(luò)支付��； 參考：《中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：支付機(jī)構(gòu)，即取得人民銀行頒發(fā)的《支付業(yè)務(wù)許可證》、提供支付服務(wù)的非金融機(jī)構(gòu)，也稱(chēng)第三方支付機(jī)構(gòu)，支付機(jī)構(gòu)提供的支付服務(wù)通常被稱(chēng)為第三方支付服務(wù)。近年來(lái)，支付機(jī)構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新和拓展速度驚人，易觀智庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2013年我國(guó)第三方支付業(yè)務(wù)的總體交易規(guī)模達(dá)到17.9萬(wàn)億元，同比增長(zhǎng)43.2%。隨著支付機(jī)構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)快速發(fā)展，人民銀行相關(guān)監(jiān)管實(shí)踐也處在不斷地探索中。當(dāng)前，人民銀行面臨著兩個(gè)難題：其一是如何在防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的前提下，鼓勵(lì)支付機(jī)構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新，防范其野蠻生長(zhǎng)給經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融體系帶來(lái)的沖擊和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？其二是如何做到對(duì)支付服務(wù)市場(chǎng)中各參與主體的監(jiān)管一致性，，創(chuàng)造公平、透明的監(jiān)管環(huán)境，促進(jìn)整個(gè)支付服務(wù)市場(chǎng)效率的提升？ 這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題實(shí)質(zhì)是業(yè)務(wù)的創(chuàng)新與監(jiān)管、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與效率的平衡問(wèn)題。本文對(duì)這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答依賴(lài)于對(duì)支付機(jī)構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)微觀運(yùn)行機(jī)制和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)影響的深入研究。在微觀層面上，本文對(duì)支付機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展的各主要業(yè)務(wù)類(lèi)型進(jìn)行剖析，闡述各類(lèi)業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和監(jiān)管難點(diǎn)；對(duì)第三方支付服務(wù)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行組織結(jié)構(gòu)分析。在宏觀層面上，依托對(duì)支付機(jī)構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)的搜集和估算，論證支付機(jī)構(gòu)客戶(hù)備付金通過(guò)同業(yè)渠道進(jìn)行貨幣創(chuàng)造的效應(yīng)，以及通過(guò)支付機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)貨幣基金直接支付對(duì)貨幣供應(yīng)量的影響。 本文對(duì)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答是從支付機(jī)構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)的特殊性出發(fā)，對(duì)支付業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新實(shí)施功能監(jiān)管，凡是涉及到支付業(yè)務(wù)的環(huán)節(jié)，都要綜合考慮現(xiàn)有支付體系的安全性，牢牢守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的底線。本文對(duì)第二個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答是轉(zhuǎn)變當(dāng)前以支付渠道、介質(zhì)為依據(jù)劃分業(yè)務(wù)類(lèi)型分別監(jiān)管的思路，對(duì)同質(zhì)業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)施統(tǒng)一管理。同時(shí)，本文借鑒財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)分析的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，構(gòu)建公開(kāi)、透明的基于支付機(jī)構(gòu)信息披露的監(jiān)管指標(biāo)體系，結(jié)合第三方支付服務(wù)市場(chǎng)特征，提出對(duì)重點(diǎn)支付機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施非對(duì)稱(chēng)監(jiān)管的理念。 本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)，一是首次完整論證支付機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)產(chǎn)生的客戶(hù)備付金存管導(dǎo)致的貨幣創(chuàng)造機(jī)制；二是結(jié)合我國(guó)第三方支付服務(wù)市場(chǎng)存在較高的市場(chǎng)集中度的事實(shí)，提出對(duì)重點(diǎn)支付機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施非對(duì)稱(chēng)監(jiān)管的政策建議；三是綜合監(jiān)管部門(mén)對(duì)支付機(jī)構(gòu)的信息披露要求，構(gòu)建了一整套可用于對(duì)支付機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行非現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查的指標(biāo)體系，將有助于監(jiān)管部門(mén)對(duì)支付機(jī)構(gòu)日常經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況和業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)展情況進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警和評(píng)估；四是詳細(xì)梳理了支付機(jī)構(gòu)各業(yè)務(wù)類(lèi)型的業(yè)務(wù)流程和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并嘗試給出一些針對(duì)性的監(jiān)管政策建議。
[Abstract]:Payment institutions, which obtain the payment license issued by the people's Bank of China, provide payment services to non-financial institutions, also known as third-party payment institutions, and the payment services provided by payment institutions are usually called third-party payment services.In recent years, the speed of innovation and expansion of payment institutions' business has been amazing. According to the data from the Analytical think-tank, the total transaction scale of China's third-party payment business reached 17.9 trillion yuan in 2013, an increase of 43.2 percent over the same period last year.With the rapid development of payment institution business, the relevant supervision practice of the people's Bank of China is in constant exploration.At present, the people's Bank of China is faced with two difficult problems: first, how to encourage the business innovation of payment institutions under the premise of risk prevention, to prevent the impact and risks brought by its barbaric growth to the economy and financial system?Second, how to achieve the consistency of the payment service market, create a fair and transparent regulatory environment, and promote the efficiency of the whole payment service market?The essence of these two problems is the business innovation and supervision, the balance of risk and efficiency.In this paper, the answers to these two questions depend on the in-depth study of the microcosmic operating mechanism and macroeconomic impact of the payment institution's business.At the micro level, this paper analyzes the main business types of payment institutions, expounds the development of various types of business, potential risks and regulatory difficulties, and analyzes the organizational structure of third-party payment service market.At the macro level, relying on the collection and estimation of the business data of payment institutions, the paper demonstrates the effect of currency creation by means of inter-bank channels.And through the payment institutions to realize the direct payment of money funds to the impact of money supply.The answer to the first question in this paper is that, starting from the particularity of the business of the payment organization, the functional supervision of the innovation of the payment business should be carried out, and the safety of the existing payment system should be considered synthetically when it comes to the link of the payment business.Keep a firm hold of the bottom line against systemic risk.In this paper, the answer to the second question is to change the idea of dividing the business types according to the payment channel and medium, and to implement the unified management of the homogeneous business.At the same time, based on the analysis of financial indicators, this paper constructs an open and transparent regulatory index system based on information disclosure of payment institutions, combining with the market characteristics of third-party payment services.The idea of asymmetric supervision of key payment institutions is put forward.The main innovation points of this paper are as follows: first, the first complete demonstration of the money creation mechanism caused by the customer reserve deposit management caused by the operation of payment institutions; the second, the fact that there is a high market concentration in the third-party payment service market in China.It puts forward some policy recommendations on asymmetric supervision of key payment institutions. Thirdly, the comprehensive regulatory authorities have set up a set of indicators for off-site inspection of payment institutions.It will help the regulatory authorities to carry out risk early warning and assessment on the daily operating status and business development of payment institutions; fourth, it will comb the business processes and potential risks of various business types of payment organizations in detail.And try to give some targeted regulatory policy recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.31;F832.39

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