本文選題：小微金融　切入點：民生銀行　出處：《天津財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：小微金融(Microfinance)主要是指專門向小型和微型小企業(yè)及中低收入的小微企業(yè)等提供小額度的可持續(xù)的金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的活動。一般貸款額度比較小,沒有傳統(tǒng)的抵押品,是國際公認的一種成功的扶貧方式和幫助小微企業(yè)融資的方式。1976年,Yunus教授提出孟加拉鄉(xiāng)村銀行(Grameen Bank,格萊珉銀行)的構(gòu)想,這是小微金融的起源。近十年來,小微金融在我國快速發(fā)展,目前其服務(wù)對象主要是中小微企業(yè)。近年來,中小微企業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中的作用越來越重要,為我國國民生產(chǎn)總值的提高發(fā)揮了巨大的作用,同時承擔了吸納就業(yè)的職能,同時還能釋放自身的創(chuàng)造力,不斷為我國科技事業(yè)的發(fā)展貢獻自己的力量。它們在創(chuàng)造GDP、提供就業(yè)崗位、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、配置資源效率等方面的作用甚至超過大型企業(yè)。但是,在我國市場經(jīng)濟改革與建設(shè)的進程中,中小微企業(yè)一直是弱勢群體,受多種內(nèi)外部因素影響,其發(fā)展面臨多重約束,在政策資源、市場資源的配置過程中一直未得到公平待遇,潛力未能得到最大程度的發(fā)揮。根據(jù)全國工商聯(lián)盟的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,對于大多數(shù)的小型企業(yè)而言,他們同金融機構(gòu)基本上沒有借貸關(guān)系的存在,這樣的企業(yè)總數(shù)量占到了90%,而同樣的情況,對于小微型企業(yè)而且,更是達到了95%。同他們?yōu)樯鐣⻊?chuàng)造出的總價值而言,其得到的金融資源則顯得較少。這種局面,不但阻礙了以中小微企業(yè)為代表的民營經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,更重要的是大大降低了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的效率。民生銀行作為我國首家全面開展小微金融服務(wù)的全國性股份制商業(yè)銀行,做了大量的探索,緩解了中小微企業(yè)融資矛盾。但是,與中小微企業(yè)的客觀需求相比,還存在很大的差距,進一步創(chuàng)新的空間還很大。因此,本文以市場細分理論、產(chǎn)品差異化理論和金融創(chuàng)新理論為基礎(chǔ),從股份制商業(yè)銀行自身的角度出發(fā),以民生銀行為例,運用重點案例調(diào)查法、定性分析方法與對比分析法、微觀研究與宏觀研究相結(jié)合的方法,根據(jù)中小微企業(yè)的經(jīng)營特點、資金需求特征,深入分析我國小微金融的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和創(chuàng)新情況,并在分析民生銀行小微金融創(chuàng)新動力和制約因素的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了大中型股份制商業(yè)銀行開展小微金融服務(wù)的有效模式和配套環(huán)境,以期拓寬中小微企業(yè)融通資金的渠道,進一步幫助中小微企業(yè)解決諸多難題。
[Abstract]:Microfinance Microfinance refers primarily to activities that provide small amounts of sustainable financial products and services to small and microenterprises, such as small and medium-sized enterprises and small, low- and middle-income enterprises. Generally, the amount of credit is relatively small and there is no traditional collateral. In 1976, Professor Yunus presented the idea of Grameen Banken (Grameen Bankbank, Grameen Bank, Bangladesh), which was the origin of microfinance. In recent years, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the national economy has become more and more important, which has played a huge role in the increase of China's gross national product. At the same time, they take on the function of absorbing employment, and at the same time, they can release their own creativity and contribute their own strength to the development of our country's scientific and technological undertakings. They are creating GDPs, providing jobs, technological innovation, However, in the process of the reform and construction of market economy in our country, small and medium-sized enterprises have always been a vulnerable group, affected by many internal and external factors, their development is faced with multiple constraints. The allocation of policy resources and market resources has not been treated fairly and the potential has not been maximized. According to the data from the National Alliance for Industry and Commerce, for most small businesses, They have basically no lending relationship with financial institutions, and the total number of such enterprises is 90, and in the same way, for small and micro enterprises, it's 95 percent. And for the total value they create for society, This situation not only hinders the development of private economy, which is represented by small and medium-sized enterprises. More importantly, it has greatly reduced the efficiency of economic development. Minsheng Bank, as the first national joint-stock commercial bank in China to carry out comprehensive small and micro financial services, has made a lot of exploration and alleviated the financing contradiction between small and medium-sized enterprises. Compared with the objective demand of small and medium-sized enterprises, there is still a big gap and great space for further innovation. Therefore, this paper bases on the theory of market segmentation, the theory of product differentiation and the theory of financial innovation. From the point of view of joint-stock commercial banks, taking Minsheng Bank as an example, using the key case investigation method, qualitative analysis method and comparative analysis method, the combination of micro research and macro research, according to the management characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, On the basis of analyzing the current situation and innovation of micro-finance in China, and analyzing the motive force and restrictive factors of micro-finance innovation in Minsheng Bank, This paper puts forward an effective mode and supporting environment for large and medium-sized joint-stock commercial banks to carry out small and micro financial services in order to widen the channels of financing for medium and small enterprises and further help them to solve many difficult problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.3;F832.33

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