本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)村金融 資產(chǎn)抵押貸款 抵押物創(chuàng)新 抵押替代 抵押估值　出處：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)戶“貸款難”的問題一直是困擾農(nóng)戶積極開展生產(chǎn)，制約我國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的重要問題之一。2009年，國(guó)家為了應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)對(duì)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的沖擊，中央銀行提出了“保增長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)內(nèi)需，調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)”的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略部署，采取積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，并把“三農(nóng)”繼續(xù)列為重點(diǎn)支持關(guān)注產(chǎn)業(yè)。然而在現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)村信貸市場(chǎng)中，農(nóng)戶逐年增長(zhǎng)的信貸需求與金融機(jī)構(gòu)“惜貸”行為之間的矛盾，成為國(guó)家農(nóng)村信貸政策實(shí)施過程中的最大障礙。如何調(diào)解兩者之間的不均衡，成為國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者競(jìng)相關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。 農(nóng)戶“貸款難”問題最主要的原因，是農(nóng)戶缺少合格的抵押擔(dān)保物品，，商業(yè)銀行不愿意放貸。農(nóng)戶手中有限的可供抵押的物品如何能有效應(yīng)用于實(shí)際的貸款操作過程，成為亟待解決的問題。先前，國(guó)家基于對(duì)土地的保護(hù)，對(duì)于農(nóng)戶抵押物品的選擇有許多法律規(guī)范上的限制和約束，使得貸款的取得難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而，隨著黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)的召開，這一限制有了歷史性的突破。在《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》中，對(duì)農(nóng)村深化改革有了全局的部署，對(duì)于一些長(zhǎng)期困擾、阻礙農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的問題有了突破性、開創(chuàng)性的改革意見。其中，與農(nóng)戶貸款切實(shí)相關(guān)的“三權(quán)”抵押的問題被重點(diǎn)提及，賦予土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)抵押、擔(dān)保權(quán)能，包括土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、林權(quán)和宅基地使用權(quán)在內(nèi)的農(nóng)戶權(quán)利可用于抵押融資。 不管是從農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)考慮，還是農(nóng)戶自身的發(fā)展要求，農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的全面深化改革都將成為未來(lái)國(guó)家的重要發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。本文基于現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要，綜合各地實(shí)踐發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，總結(jié)出適于農(nóng)戶申請(qǐng)貸款的模式選擇。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于，站在銀行安全性的角度，對(duì)農(nóng)戶抵押貸款過程中抵押物品的估值，設(shè)定了估值模型，有效提高抵押的可行性，降低貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:In 2009, in order to cope with the impact of the financial crisis on the real economy, the problem of "difficult loans" has been one of the most important problems that baffle farmers to actively develop their production and restrict the rapid development of rural economy in China. The central bank put forward the economic development strategy of "maintaining growth, expanding domestic demand and adjusting structure", and adopted active fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy. However, in the existing rural credit market, there is a contradiction between the increasing credit demand of farmers and the behavior of financial institutions "sparing loans". It has become the biggest obstacle in the implementation of the national rural credit policy. How to mediate the imbalance between the two has become the focus of domestic scholars' attention. The main reason for the problem of "loan difficulty" is the lack of qualified mortgage guarantee goods. Commercial banks are unwilling to lend. How to effectively apply the limited mortgaged goods in the hands of farmers to the actual loan operation process has become an urgent problem. Previously, the state based on the protection of land. There are many restrictions and restrictions on the choice of household mortgage goods, which makes it difficult to obtain loans. However, with the convening of the third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee. This restriction has made a historic breakthrough. In the decision of the CPC Central Committee on comprehensively deepening reform, there has been an overall plan for deepening reform in rural areas, which has long troubled some people. The problem of hindering the development of rural financial market has a breakthrough, groundbreaking reform opinion. Among them, the issue of "three rights" mortgage, which is closely related to farmers' loans, has been highlighted, and the mortgage of land contract management right has been given. The rights of guaranty, including the right to land contract, forest right and homestead right, can be used for mortgage financing. Whether from the long-term goal of rural economic development or farmers' own development requirements, the overall deepening of the rural financial market reform will become an important development strategy of the future country. The innovation of this paper is that, from the perspective of bank security, the value of mortgage goods in the process of mortgage loan is evaluated. Set up a valuation model, effectively improve the feasibility of mortgage, reduce the risk of loans.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43

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