本文關(guān)鍵詞：小微企業(yè)貸款的定價研究　出處：《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 小微企業(yè) 貸款定價 RAROC模型 信用評級 多元統(tǒng)計分析

【摘要】：隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟地飛速發(fā)展,小微企業(yè)的規(guī)模也在不斷地成長壯大。作為國民經(jīng)濟的中堅力量,小微企業(yè)能迅速適應(yīng)市場變化,表現(xiàn)出了頑強的生命力。盡管小微企業(yè)發(fā)展勢頭強勁,但由于小微企業(yè)經(jīng)營的確定性、戰(zhàn)略的模糊性和經(jīng)營能力的限制以及缺乏商業(yè)銀行認(rèn)可的抵押物,商業(yè)銀行在對其貸款時往往心存顧慮,使小微企業(yè)的融資需求遠(yuǎn)未得到滿足,這在很大程度上制約了小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展。特別是近年來,小微企業(yè)飽受外部經(jīng)濟環(huán)境帶來的沖擊。進一步壓縮了原本就很低的利潤空間,增加了融資難度和融資成本,加劇了小微企業(yè)的經(jīng)營難度。 為了提升小微企業(yè)的貸款競爭力,同時實現(xiàn)銀行經(jīng)營效益的最大化,就要針對目前國內(nèi)小微企業(yè)貸款的特性,對銀行資金配置進行優(yōu)化,不斷完善科學(xué)的貸款定價機制,從而提高銀行的經(jīng)營管理水平。通過貸款定價機制的不斷完善,可以促進銀行自主經(jīng)營體制的提高,逐步滿足市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的要求。因此如何制定適合小微企業(yè)的貸款定價模式,是商業(yè)銀行需要思考的問題。 本文首先介紹了小微企業(yè)貸款定價研究的意義和目標(biāo),并對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻進行了綜述。銀行通過制定科學(xué)合理的貸款定價政策,有利于解決小微企業(yè)融資障礙,促進小微企業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,同時也有利于銀行拓展小微企業(yè)融資業(yè)務(wù),更加有助于國民經(jīng)濟的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。 然后闡述了小微企業(yè)貸款定價的理論基礎(chǔ),分別介紹了小微企業(yè)的定義、小微信貸的涵義和小微企業(yè)貸款定價機制的內(nèi)涵。總結(jié)了小微企業(yè)貸款定價機制中目前存在的問題,即：缺乏市場化的基準(zhǔn)利率、銀行風(fēng)險定價能力和管理能力薄弱、貸款定價模型缺乏實際操作性、貸款定價中資金來源與資金運用的不相匹配、貸款定價中存在行業(yè)差異和地域差異的問題。并分別對存在的問題提出了相應(yīng)的解決措施。 接著綜述了基本的貸款定價模型,具體分析了成本導(dǎo)向型、市場導(dǎo)向型、客戶導(dǎo)向型、RAROC的貸款定價模型。對模型中具體的參數(shù)進行了確定,即貸款基礎(chǔ)成本率、風(fēng)險溢價、調(diào)整因子和目標(biāo)利潤。 最后結(jié)合小微企業(yè)的特殊性,對四種基本的貸款定價模型進行了評價,考慮到宏觀調(diào)控政策對小微企業(yè)的影響特別明顯,所以不能簡單選用成本加成模型；而我國的貨幣市場還不夠成熟,所以也不適宜采用市場導(dǎo)向型模型作為主導(dǎo)方法；客戶導(dǎo)向型模型雖然具有一定的優(yōu)勢但設(shè)計還不夠全面,所以最終確定出RAROC為適合小微企業(yè)的貸款定價模型。同時采用主成分分析法和聚類分析法建模對小微企業(yè)進行信用評級和違約率計算。并且對廣東省中山市某服裝廠進行了案例,論證了RAROC模型應(yīng)用于小微企業(yè)貸款定價的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of market economy in China, the scale of small and micro enterprises is also growing. As the backbone of the national economy, small and micro enterprises can adapt to market changes quickly. Although the development momentum of small and micro enterprises is strong, but due to the certainty of the operation of small and micro enterprises, the ambiguity of strategy and the limitation of management ability, and the lack of collateral approved by commercial banks. Commercial banks often worry about their loans, so that the financing needs of small and micro enterprises are far from being satisfied, which to a large extent restricts the development of small and micro enterprises, especially in recent years. Small and micro enterprises suffer from the impact of the external economic environment. It further compacts the already very low profit space, increases the financing difficulty and financing cost, and exacerbates the operation difficulty of small and micro enterprises. In order to enhance the loan competitiveness of small and micro enterprises and realize the maximization of bank operating efficiency, we should optimize the allocation of bank funds according to the characteristics of domestic small and micro enterprises loans. Continuously improve the scientific loan pricing mechanism, thereby improving the management level of banks. Through the continuous improvement of loan pricing mechanism, we can promote the improvement of the independent management system of banks. Therefore, how to establish a loan pricing model suitable for small and micro enterprises is a problem that commercial banks need to consider. This paper first introduces the significance and goal of the research on the loan pricing of small and micro enterprises, and summarizes the relevant literature at home and abroad. The bank formulates a scientific and reasonable loan pricing policy. It is beneficial to solve the financing obstacles of small and micro enterprises, promote the rapid development of small and micro enterprises, and also help banks to expand the financing business of small and micro enterprises, which is more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the national economy. Then, the theoretical basis of loan pricing for small and micro enterprises is expounded, and the definition of small and micro enterprises is introduced respectively. The meaning of small and micro credit and the connotation of loan pricing mechanism of small and micro enterprises. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the loan pricing mechanism of small and micro enterprises, that is, the lack of market-oriented benchmark interest rate. The risk pricing ability and management ability of banks are weak, the loan pricing model is lack of practical operation, and the source of funds and the use of funds do not match in loan pricing. There are industry differences and regional differences in loan pricing, and the corresponding solutions are put forward. Then it summarizes the basic loan pricing model and analyzes the loan pricing model of cost oriented market oriented and customer oriented RAROC. The specific parameters of the model are determined. That is, loan base cost rate, risk premium, adjustment factor and target profit. Finally, considering the particularity of small and micro enterprises, four basic loan pricing models are evaluated. Considering the impact of macro-control policies on small and micro enterprises is especially obvious, we can not simply choose cost addition model. But the money market of our country is not mature enough, so it is not suitable to adopt market-oriented model as the leading method. Although the customer-oriented model has some advantages, the design is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, RAROC is finally determined as the appropriate loan pricing model for small and micro enterprises. At the same time, the principal component analysis and cluster analysis are used to model the credit rating and default rate of small and micro enterprises, and the credit rating and default rate of small and micro enterprises are calculated. A case was carried out by a garment factory in Shanshan City. The feasibility and effectiveness of applying RAROC model to the pricing of small and micro enterprises are demonstrated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.3;F832.4

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