本文關(guān)鍵詞：小微企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保機(jī)制創(chuàng)新研究　出處：《上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 小微企業(yè) 信用擔(dān)保 國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)比較 省級(jí)小微金融擔(dān)保平臺(tái)

【摘要】：小微企業(yè)在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中具有舉足輕重的地位和作用,但融資難問題卻始終是解不開的死結(jié),嚴(yán)重制約小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展。究其關(guān)鍵,小微企業(yè)很難滿足銀行對(duì)貸款保證要求,且銀行缺乏服務(wù)小微企業(yè)的動(dòng)力。如何幫助小微企業(yè)獲得經(jīng)營發(fā)展所需資金是擺在我國政府面前的難題。從世界范圍看,建立小微企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系是支持小微企業(yè)融資的重要途徑,本文試圖從信用擔(dān)保的角度出發(fā),探索出一條解決小微企業(yè)融資難的創(chuàng)新路徑。 本文以小微企業(yè)和信用擔(dān)保為研究起點(diǎn)。首先,對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)嫁理論、信貸配給理論和博弈論進(jìn)行剖析,構(gòu)筑理論模型,得出信用擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的存在能夠在一定程度上緩解信息不對(duì)稱問題；其次,分析我國小微企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀,探討小微企業(yè)融資難的癥結(jié)所在。本文認(rèn)為小微企業(yè)通常很難提供充分的貸款保證,來滿足銀行貸款條件；此外銀行對(duì)小微企業(yè)零售貸款的單位成本高,缺乏拓展小微企業(yè)貸款的動(dòng)力也是融資難的直接成因；而我國信用體系等外部機(jī)制缺失,難以提供有效支持,是影響小微企業(yè)融資問題的深層原因。第三,通過總結(jié)日本、韓國、美國等發(fā)達(dá)國家信用擔(dān)保機(jī)制的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn),進(jìn)行橫向的國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)比較,本文得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為重視法制建設(shè)、政府扶持和銀擔(dān)關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展是保證信用擔(dān)保體系更好的服務(wù)小微企業(yè)的必要因素。第四,通過分析我國信用擔(dān)保體系現(xiàn)狀和對(duì)比三類擔(dān)保模式,歸納出我國現(xiàn)階段信用擔(dān)保制度對(duì)于支持小微企業(yè)發(fā)展中的不足之處：“銀擔(dān)”合作地位不等,缺乏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)機(jī)制,導(dǎo)致?lián)C(jī)構(gòu)難以發(fā)展壯大；擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)自身風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制能力不足,使得擔(dān)保行業(yè)在自身難保的情況下,更無動(dòng)力服務(wù)小微企業(yè)。結(jié)合以上對(duì)比分析,提出我國小微企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保機(jī)制創(chuàng)新路徑,即建立省級(jí)小微金融擔(dān)保平臺(tái),構(gòu)建政府、企業(yè)、銀行和平臺(tái)四方制衡、共贏的運(yùn)作機(jī)制。 本文認(rèn)為金融擔(dān)保平臺(tái)得以運(yùn)作的必要條件是構(gòu)建小微企業(yè)信用評(píng)級(jí)指標(biāo)體系和完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,并對(duì)此提出初步構(gòu)想,為信用擔(dān)保促進(jìn)小微企業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)踐層面提出可操作建議。 希望本文所歸納的小微企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保融資現(xiàn)狀能夠?yàn)樯鐣?huì)各界所了解,對(duì)省級(jí)小微金融擔(dān)保平臺(tái)的設(shè)想能夠?yàn)榻鉀Q小微企業(yè)融資問題提供思路,從而真正解決小微企業(yè)融資難問題,推動(dòng)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises play an important role in the economic development of our country, but the problem of financing is always an inextricable knot, which seriously restricts the development of small and micro enterprises. It is difficult for small and micro businesses to meet bank loan guarantee requirements. And banks lack the motivation to serve small and micro enterprises. How to help small and micro enterprises to obtain the necessary funds for business development is a difficult problem in front of our government. Establishing the credit guarantee system of small and micro enterprises is an important way to support the financing of small and micro enterprises. This paper attempts to explore an innovative way to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises from the perspective of credit guarantee. In this paper, small and micro enterprises and credit guarantee as the starting point. First of all, the risk transfer theory, credit rationing theory and game theory are analyzed to build a theoretical model. It is concluded that the existence of credit guarantee institutions can alleviate the problem of information asymmetry to some extent. Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of financing of small and micro enterprises in China, and discusses the crux of financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. This paper holds that it is very difficult for small and micro enterprises to provide sufficient loan guarantee to meet the loan conditions of banks. In addition, the unit cost of retail loans to small and micro enterprises by banks is high, and the lack of motivation to expand the loans of small and micro enterprises is also the direct cause of financing difficulties. However, the lack of external mechanisms such as credit system in China, which is difficult to provide effective support, is the deep reason that affects the financing problem of small and micro enterprises. Third, through summing up Japan and Korea. The development experience of credit guarantee mechanism in developed countries, such as the United States, and the horizontal comparison of international experience, this paper concludes that the importance of legal construction. Government support and the stable development of the relationship between the bank and the bank are the necessary factors to ensure the better service of the credit guarantee system. 4th, through the analysis of the current situation of the credit guarantee system in China and the comparison of three kinds of guarantee modes. The shortcomings of the credit guarantee system in supporting the development of small and micro enterprises are summarized: the cooperation status of "Yintan" varies, and the lack of risk-sharing mechanism leads to the difficulty of the development and expansion of the guarantee institutions; The guarantee organization's own risk control ability is insufficient, which makes the guarantee industry have no power to serve the small and micro enterprises under the circumstance of its own difficulty. Combined with the above comparative analysis, this paper puts forward the innovative path of the credit guarantee mechanism of our country's small and micro enterprises. That is, to establish provincial micro-finance guarantee platform, build government, enterprises, banks and platform four-party checks and balances, win-win operation mechanism. This paper holds that the necessary condition for the operation of the financial guarantee platform is to construct the credit rating index system of small and micro enterprises and to perfect the risk compensation mechanism. Put forward operational suggestions for credit guarantee to promote the development of small and micro enterprises. I hope that the current situation of credit guarantee financing of small and micro enterprises summarized in this paper can be understood by all walks of life, and the assumption of provincial micro and micro finance guarantee platform can provide ideas for solving the financing problem of small and micro enterprises. In order to really solve the financing problem of small and micro-enterprises, promote the healthy development of national economy and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4;F276.3

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