本文關(guān)鍵詞：美國(guó)外商直接投資的空間分布特征研究　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 外國(guó)直接投資 東道國(guó) 投資密度 空間分布 美國(guó)

【摘要】：外商直接投資(Foreign Direct Investment)是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化時(shí)代推動(dòng)地區(qū)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿ΑＣ绹?guó)作為全球最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施完善,金融市場(chǎng)發(fā)達(dá),擁有全球領(lǐng)先的技術(shù)與研發(fā)能力,營(yíng)商環(huán)境全球名列前茅,是目前為止最大的外商直接投資東道國(guó)。然而,中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的直接投資則起步較晚,且初期投資規(guī)模小,但隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的增強(qiáng)和國(guó)際地位的不斷提高,中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的直接投資發(fā)展速度非�？�,截至2012年中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資流量為40.48億美元,美國(guó)成為中國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)外直接投資的第二大目的地。另外,2013年中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的直接投資已經(jīng)超過了美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的直接投資。盡管中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的直接投資總量在快速增大,但由于美國(guó)國(guó)土幅員遼闊,各州的地理位置、自然環(huán)境以及社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不平衡,使得各州的投資環(huán)境產(chǎn)生優(yōu)劣分化,對(duì)外商直接投資的吸引力也參差不齊,因而導(dǎo)致美國(guó)外商直接投資在區(qū)域空間格局上產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)變化。因此,研究美國(guó)的外商直接投資空間分布特征將尤為重要,特別是對(duì)中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資的區(qū)位選擇提供參考。 在閱讀了大量有關(guān)外國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資的中英文文獻(xiàn)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)以往的研究均側(cè)重于外國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資的投資動(dòng)機(jī)、投資方式、投資目的的研究,而對(duì)投資的區(qū)位決定因素,對(duì)空間分布特征的研究較少。因此,本文在對(duì)美國(guó)的外商直接投資發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行全面梳理、總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,從空間的角度出發(fā),采用定性與定量結(jié)合的分析方法,運(yùn)用ArcGIS9.3對(duì)美國(guó)各州從外商直接投資比例、投資密度、人均投資額三個(gè)方面的外商直接投資空間分布圖來反映美國(guó)各州的整體接受外資狀況；然后以美國(guó)50個(gè)州和哥倫比亞特區(qū)為樣本,結(jié)合已有文獻(xiàn)中所選取的能夠直接或間接反映美國(guó)外商直接投資環(huán)境的21個(gè)指標(biāo)作為因變量,運(yùn)用SPSS13.0軟件進(jìn)行主成分分析,最后在統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上分析各主成分與外商直接投資區(qū)域之間的關(guān)系,并以此來探討美國(guó)各州對(duì)外商直接投資的吸引力大小。研究結(jié)論如下： (1)美國(guó)的外商直接投資地域范圍在不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大,投資密度的州際間差距較大,且各州之間人均所接受的外商直接投資額分布很不均衡,差距較大。整體而言,美國(guó)外商直接投資總的空間分布特征大致以密西西比河為界,東、西對(duì)比明顯,密西西比河以東地區(qū)投資比例高、密度大,人均投資額也相對(duì)較多；密西西比河以西地區(qū)各州投資差異較大,如加利福尼亞州、德克薩斯州的經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等綜合實(shí)力強(qiáng),因而其獲得的外商直接投資也比較多,而蒙大拿州、愛達(dá)荷州、懷俄明州因地處山區(qū),經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)落后,其獲得的外商直接投資就比較少。所以,從美國(guó)各州外商直接投資比例、投資密度和人均投資額的空間分布特征可以得出：美國(guó)各州在吸引外商直接投資方面各有所長(zhǎng),每一個(gè)州因其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)都可能成為外商直接投資的目的地。 (2)美國(guó)外商直接投資的空間分布主要集中在經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技實(shí)力強(qiáng),市場(chǎng)廣闊,社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、消費(fèi)能力高的沿海各州地區(qū),主要是加利福尼亞州、紐約州、佛羅里達(dá)州等；而中北部地區(qū)、東北部沿海面積較小的州則對(duì)外國(guó)投資者吸引力較小。 經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技實(shí)力是外國(guó)投資者對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資時(shí)的首選要素。加利福尼亞州、紐約州、伊利諾伊州、德克薩斯州的綜合實(shí)力為最強(qiáng),是外商直接投資者趨之若鶩的投資目的地。而那些面積較小、人口相對(duì)較少、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力強(qiáng)的各州成為外商直接投資者在美國(guó)的上乘之選。如阿拉斯加州、夏威夷州、紐約州等。 社會(huì)穩(wěn)定性在任何時(shí)候都是外商直接投資者都要考慮的因素,只有社會(huì)秩序良好、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,投資才會(huì)有保障。社會(huì)穩(wěn)定性與州人均個(gè)人收入、州人均投資額、失業(yè)率呈負(fù)相關(guān)；且社會(huì)穩(wěn)定性的波動(dòng)性較大,不具有穩(wěn)定性。因此,此因素對(duì)外商直接投資的影響較大,外商直接投資者在選擇投資目的地時(shí)要格外慎重。 (3)中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資的空間分布大體與美國(guó)各州的綜合實(shí)力排名分布趨同,與美國(guó)各州外商直接投資空間分布特征基本一致,大體呈現(xiàn)出由沿海向內(nèi)陸、由西南向東北逐漸遞減的趨勢(shì)。即中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的直接投資趨向于那些綜合實(shí)力強(qiáng),優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,開發(fā)歷史早的州,如沿海的加利福尼亞州、德克薩斯州、五大湖周圍的紐約州、密歇根州、伊利諾伊州等；內(nèi)陸和山地區(qū)的愛達(dá)荷州、懷俄明州、北達(dá)科他州、南達(dá)科他州等交通不便利、經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)落后,得到的直接投資額少。中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)直接投資的潛力巨大,尤其是在東南沿海的路易斯安那州、密西西比州及其北部的阿肯色州、田納西州等州,它們的綜合實(shí)力居于中等水平,但目前中國(guó)對(duì)其投資較少,因此可以成為今后中國(guó)投資美國(guó)所考慮的地區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Foreign direct investment (Foreign Direct Investment) is the main power to promote the economic development of the region and the world economic globalization era. The United States as the world's largest economy, infrastructure, financial markets have developed, technology and research and development ability of the leading global business environment, the best is by far the largest foreign direct investment in the host country. However Chinese, direct investment in the United States is late, and the initial investment in small scale, but with China economic strength and international status constantly improve, China of American direct investment, development speed is very fast, as of 2012 China on American direct investment of $4 billion 48 million, the United States as foreign direct investment China enterprises second big destination. In addition, in 2013 China direct investment in the United States has surpassed the United States for direct investment. Although China to Chinese American direct investment in the rapid increase, but because the United States has a vast territory, geographical location, natural environment and social and economic development level is not balanced, the state investment environment has the merits of differentiation, attractiveness to foreign direct investment is uneven, resulting in U.S. foreign direct investment have dynamic changes in regional space pattern. Therefore, it is very important to study the American FDI spatial distribution characteristics, especially to provide reference for Chinese on American FDI location choice.
After reading a lot about foreign direct investment in the United States in the English literature, found that previous studies have focused on foreign direct investment in the United States investment motivation, investment, research investment, and the investment location decision factors, the spatial distribution characteristics of the studies. Therefore, based on the United States Foreign Direct Investment in the development of comprehensive review, on the basis of summing up, starting from the perspective of spatial analysis, qualitative and quantitative methods combined with the use of ArcGIS9.3 to the United States of America from the proportion of foreign direct investment, investment density, three per capita investment of foreign direct investment to reflect the overall spatial distribution map of the United States to accept foreign status; then in 50 states and the District of Columbia as a sample, can be combined with selected literatures directly or indirectly reflect the U.S. foreign direct investment environment The 21 index as the dependent variable, principal component analysis was carried out using SPSS13.0 software, analyzing the relationship between the principal component and the foreign direct investment area finally on the basis of the statistical results, and to explore the United States FDI attraction. The research conclusions are as follows:
(1) the United States foreign direct investment in the region continues to expand, the investment gap density of interstate larger, and between states per capita accepted foreign direct investment distribution is very uneven, the gap larger. Overall, the distribution of foreign direct investment total space features roughly is bounded by the Mississippi River, East West, contrast, the proportion of investment in the east of the Mississippi River area, high density, per capita investment is relatively large; the investment between states west of the Mississippi River, such as California, Texas, economy, science and technology comprehensive strength, foreign direct investment and get more, and Montana, Idaho Wyoming, was located in the mountainous area, the economy is relatively backward, the foreign direct investment is relatively small. So, from the United States foreign direct investment ratio, investment density and per capita investment The spatial distribution characteristics of the amount can be obtained: the United States in attracting foreign direct investment in each state, each one has his good points, because of its unique advantages are likely to become foreign direct investment destination.
(2) the distribution of foreign direct investment space mainly in economy, science and technology strength, broad market, social stability, the high spending power of the coastal States area, mainly in California, New York, Florida, etc.; and in the north, northeast along the sea area is smaller, less attractive to foreign investors.
The economic, scientific and technological strength is the preferred elements of foreign investors direct investment in the United States. The state of California, New York, Illinois, Texas, comprehensive strength is the strongest, is foreign direct investment destination for investors in droves. And those smaller, less relative to the mouth, the economic strength of the state become foreign direct investors in the United States the best choice for California. Alaska, Hawaii, New York and so on.
Social stability is the factors of foreign direct investors to consider at any time, only a good social order, social stability, investment will be guaranteed. The per capita income of individual social stability and state, the state investment per capita, the unemployment rate is negatively related to social stability; and the high volatility is not stability. Therefore, the influence of the factors of foreign direct investment is large, investors in the choice of foreign direct investment destination should be particularly careful.
(3) China direct investment in the United States the spatial distribution of the comprehensive strength and the United States generally ranked distribution convergence, and the United States FDI spatial distribution characteristics are basically the same, generally show from coastal areas to inland, gradually decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. The Chinese direct investment in the United States tend to the comprehensive strength strong, have obvious advantages, the development history of early states, such as California, coastal Texas, the five great lakes around New York, Michigan, Illinois; inland and mountain regions of Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, traffic is not convenient, the economy is relatively backward. Direct investment have less direct investment in the United States. China has great potential, especially in the southeast coast of Luis Anna S, Mississippi, and Northern Arkansas, Tennessee and other states, they The comprehensive strength is in the middle level, but the investment in China is less now, so it can be considered as the region for the future China to invest in the United States.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F837.12;F832.6

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