本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié)模式研究　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 農(nóng)村金融 金融聯(lián)結(jié) 聯(lián)結(jié)中介 農(nóng)民合作經(jīng)濟(jì)組織 農(nóng)戶組織化

【摘要】：農(nóng)戶融資難是我國(guó)農(nóng)村普遍存在的現(xiàn)象,為制約我國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要原因。導(dǎo)致農(nóng)戶融資難的原因主要有以下幾個(gè)方面:一為單個(gè)農(nóng)戶融資額度小、居住地分散、農(nóng)業(yè)自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)形成的特質(zhì)性成本及風(fēng)險(xiǎn);二是信息不對(duì)稱引發(fā)的逆向選擇、道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及有限執(zhí)行成本,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村信貸市場(chǎng)失靈;三是由于產(chǎn)權(quán)制度缺陷、法律體系不完善等因素,農(nóng)戶缺乏銀行能夠接受的抵押品,無(wú)法通過(guò)提供有效抵押品來(lái)解決農(nóng)村信貸市場(chǎng)的失靈問(wèn)題;四是農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)借貸以非生產(chǎn)性為主,與商業(yè)銀行在農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的生產(chǎn)性借貸為主相悖。其中以信息約束和抵押約束為主要原因,是破解農(nóng)戶融資難題的關(guān)鍵所在。因此,在信息約束和抵押約束條件下,如何借助信貸交易模式的創(chuàng)新,建立可行的授信管理機(jī)制和負(fù)債履約機(jī)制以防范農(nóng)戶的機(jī)會(huì)主義行為,進(jìn)而降低農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是解決農(nóng)戶融資難題的突破口。從國(guó)外成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及國(guó)內(nèi)的一些實(shí)踐來(lái)看,金融聯(lián)結(jié)是破解以上難題的一個(gè)有效途徑,金融聯(lián)結(jié)通過(guò)正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)和非正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間的戰(zhàn)略合作以擴(kuò)大對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的金融服務(wù),本文主要研究以互聯(lián)性交易為基礎(chǔ)的金融聯(lián)結(jié)模式。在這種模式中非正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)為與農(nóng)戶經(jīng)常打交道的本土化組織,借助本土化組織以一定的途徑將農(nóng)戶的資金需求規(guī)模化、農(nóng)戶組織化,降低金融機(jī)構(gòu)與農(nóng)戶的高交易成本;利用本土化組織在當(dāng)?shù)負(fù)碛械奶赜行畔⒁约稗r(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、銷(xiāo)售的交易信息,有效解決農(nóng)戶的信息不對(duì)稱問(wèn)題;互聯(lián)性金融聯(lián)結(jié)保障資金流入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的同時(shí),根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行抵押擔(dān)保機(jī)制創(chuàng)新,并實(shí)現(xiàn)相關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)主體的信用捆綁,提升農(nóng)戶的信用,達(dá)到向農(nóng)戶擴(kuò)展信貸服務(wù)的目的。本文在吸收國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果并總結(jié)現(xiàn)有金融聯(lián)結(jié)實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,從理論和實(shí)踐角度分析了金融聯(lián)結(jié)解決農(nóng)戶融資問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題:(1)在理論方面,金融聯(lián)結(jié)的信用機(jī)理是怎樣形成的?金融聯(lián)結(jié)如何緩解農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的信息不對(duì)稱問(wèn)題?金融聯(lián)結(jié)能否緩解農(nóng)戶缺乏有效抵押品問(wèn)題?金融聯(lián)結(jié)能否突破傳統(tǒng)信貸模式,進(jìn)而擴(kuò)大對(duì)農(nóng)戶的信貸服務(wù)?(2)實(shí)踐中,農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié)的可行性模式有哪些?具體的運(yùn)行機(jī)制如何?應(yīng)用效果如何?在當(dāng)前法律制度和信用體系不健全情況下,如何進(jìn)行各項(xiàng)履約機(jī)制的安排以有效控制信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文對(duì)金融聯(lián)結(jié)的機(jī)理、金融聯(lián)結(jié)的模式、金融聯(lián)結(jié)模式的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了深層次的理論分析,建立了理論分析框架,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié)的參與主體、金融聯(lián)結(jié)效果、金融聯(lián)結(jié)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了分析,最終得出以下結(jié)論:(1)農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié)在保證正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)財(cái)務(wù)可持續(xù)性的前提下,提供了解決農(nóng)村融資困境的一個(gè)新思路,當(dāng)前比較可行的農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié)模式為基于“產(chǎn)業(yè)合作+信用合作”基礎(chǔ)上的互聯(lián)性交易聯(lián)結(jié)。這類(lèi)金融聯(lián)結(jié)借助與借款人日常生活和生產(chǎn)的緊密接觸,便于實(shí)施橫向監(jiān)督;銀行通過(guò)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售中的交易信息、聯(lián)結(jié)資金流的控制實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村中介的低成本監(jiān)督,解決信息不對(duì)稱帶來(lái)的逆向選擇、惡意賴帳等問(wèn)題;借助產(chǎn)業(yè)化項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施增加農(nóng)戶的期望收益,并以此為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行抵押擔(dān)保機(jī)制的創(chuàng)新,實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押替代;以見(jiàn)物不見(jiàn)錢(qián)的方式保障信貸資金專(zhuān)款專(zhuān)用,以團(tuán)體貸款的模式增加了農(nóng)戶的可保證收入,解決了農(nóng)戶信貸的非生產(chǎn)性及特質(zhì)性成本問(wèn)題。(2)互聯(lián)性交易金融聯(lián)結(jié)模式的形成與以下因素密切相關(guān):農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的盈利性、鄉(xiāng)村中介的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的異質(zhì)性、專(zhuān)用性資產(chǎn)的投入、鄉(xiāng)村中介與農(nóng)戶的合作關(guān)系、政府的扶持力度。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的盈利性越強(qiáng)、鄉(xiāng)村中介的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模越大、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的異質(zhì)性越高、雙方專(zhuān)用性資產(chǎn)投入越多、鄉(xiāng)村中介與農(nóng)戶的合作程度越高、政府的扶持力度越大,越有利于形成金融聯(lián)結(jié)。(3)當(dāng)前我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié)主要有針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的兩大類(lèi)聯(lián)結(jié)模式。農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的聯(lián)結(jié)主要圍繞農(nóng)業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈相關(guān)主體,將其納入金融聯(lián)結(jié),以市場(chǎng)和政府的力量推動(dòng)金融聯(lián)結(jié)的形成;農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的聯(lián)結(jié)以政府力量為主導(dǎo)推動(dòng)金融聯(lián)結(jié)的形成。兩類(lèi)聯(lián)結(jié)模式都依托農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目,注重農(nóng)戶還款能力的提升,尤其是針對(duì)貧困農(nóng)戶的金融聯(lián)結(jié),農(nóng)戶能力的提升推動(dòng)貧困農(nóng)戶自我發(fā)展能力的轉(zhuǎn)化,并保障稀缺的信貸資金傳遞到貧困農(nóng)戶,深入到扶貧體制的核心問(wèn)題。(4)提高農(nóng)戶的金融聯(lián)結(jié)行為與聯(lián)結(jié)效果要充分考慮農(nóng)戶的個(gè)人特征與家庭特征,并提高農(nóng)戶對(duì)聯(lián)結(jié)中介組織服務(wù)功能的認(rèn)可度。因?yàn)閷?duì)以專(zhuān)業(yè)合作社為聯(lián)結(jié)中介的聯(lián)結(jié)模式的實(shí)證研究表明:農(nóng)戶的年齡和教育程度與聯(lián)結(jié)行為正相關(guān);農(nóng)戶對(duì)正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的評(píng)價(jià)與農(nóng)戶聯(lián)結(jié)行為呈反向關(guān)系;農(nóng)戶的種植面積、農(nóng)業(yè)收入占比、社會(huì)資本以及對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)合作社的評(píng)價(jià)與聯(lián)結(jié)行為及聯(lián)結(jié)效果均呈明顯的正相關(guān)關(guān)系;農(nóng)戶對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)合作社服務(wù)功能的認(rèn)可則是金融聯(lián)結(jié)成功的關(guān)鍵所在。(5)互聯(lián)性交易聯(lián)結(jié)可有效降低農(nóng)業(yè)信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。具體表現(xiàn)為:以產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展并引入保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制降低農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)特有的生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn);以對(duì)農(nóng)戶、核心聯(lián)結(jié)組織的授信準(zhǔn)入、信用捆綁等授信管理機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)貸前的有效甄別;以真實(shí)交易、抵押創(chuàng)新機(jī)制及利益保障機(jī)制形成良好的負(fù)債履約機(jī)制;以聯(lián)結(jié)資金流的控制、物權(quán)質(zhì)押風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制、強(qiáng)化信息平臺(tái)建設(shè)等方面有效降低銀行的操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的貸前和貸后管理。(6)農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié)模式的根本保障是政府發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用。農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展到一定的新階段,農(nóng)業(yè)特有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和盈利問(wèn)題愈加明顯,依托農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的農(nóng)村金融聯(lián)結(jié),單靠政府或農(nóng)戶難以應(yīng)對(duì),從農(nóng)業(yè)的弱質(zhì)性和政府職能出發(fā),一方面政府應(yīng)在政策支持、制度建設(shè)方面為金融聯(lián)結(jié)建立良好的外部環(huán)境;另一方面加強(qiáng)必要的財(cái)政投入奠定農(nóng)業(yè)信貸資金風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),將財(cái)政資金以利息補(bǔ)貼、擔(dān)保補(bǔ)貼、保費(fèi)補(bǔ)貼等形式注入金融聯(lián)結(jié),與農(nóng)戶、金融機(jī)構(gòu)共同承擔(dān)金融聯(lián)結(jié)的各類(lèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:Rural financing is widespread in China's rural areas, an important reason for restricting the development of rural economy in China. The causes of rural financing mainly has the following several aspects: one is the individual farmers financing amount is small, the residence scattered, agricultural natural risk formation characteristics of the cost and risk of adverse selection is two; induced by information asymmetry, moral hazard and limited execution cost, resulting in the rural credit market failure; three is due to the defects of property rights, the legal system is not perfect and other factors, farmers lack of bank acceptable collateral, no method to solve the problem of rural credit market failure by providing effective collateral; four is the rural financial market lending to non production mainly, and commercial banks in the rural financial market production based lending contrary. With information constraints and the collateral constraint is the main reason, is to break the farmers financing The key management problem. Therefore, in the information constraints and collateral constraints, how to use innovative credit transaction model, the opportunism behavior establish feasible credit management and debt fulfillment mechanism to prevent farmers, thereby reducing the rural financial market, credit risk is the key point in solving the financing problems of the farmers. From the successful experience of foreign countries and some domestic practice, the financial linkage is an effective way to solve the above problems, the strategic cooperation between the financial linkage through formal financial institutions and non formal financial institutions to expand the financial services in rural areas, this paper mainly studies the Internet transaction based financial linkage mode. In this mode of informal finance mechanism for the localization of organizations and farmers often deal with the localization, organization in a certain way to the financial needs of farmers scale, The organization, financial institutions and farmers reduce the high cost of production; the use of local organizations in the local agricultural products have specific information and transaction information, sales, effectively solve the problem of asymmetric information of farmers; Internet security funds into financial linkage in the area of agricultural production at the same time, mortgage guarantee mechanism innovation according to the agricultural production project. The main credit link bundling, enhance the farmers to expand credit, credit services to farmers. Based on the researches of domestic and abroad and summarizes the existing financial related practice, theory and practice from the point of view of the financial link key problems to solve the financing problems of farmers: (1) in theory hand, credit mechanism and financial linkages is formed? How to alleviate the problem of asymmetric information financial linkage of rural financial market financial link? Whether the farmers are lack of effective collateral to alleviate the problem? The financial linkage can break the traditional credit model, and then expand the credit services to farmers? (2) in practice, what are the feasible mode of rural financial linkage mechanism? How to run a specific application? How is the effect? In the legal system and the credit system is not perfect, how to carry out the implementation mechanism is arranged in order to effectively control the credit risk? To solve the above problems, the mechanism of financial linkages, financial linkage model, the stability of the financial pattern of a deep analysis theory, establishes a theoretical analysis framework, participation of China rural financial linkage based on financial linkage effect, financial linkage the risk analysis, finally draws the following conclusions: (1) the rural financial linkage under the premise of ensuring the financial sustainability of formal financial institutions, provide the solutions for agricultural A new idea of village financing difficulties, the feasible rural financial linkage mode based on "industrial cooperation + credit cooperation" on the basis of the Internet connection. This kind of financial transactions by means of connection in close contact with the borrower's daily life and production, to facilitate the implementation of lateral supervision; bank transaction information through the production and sale of agricultural products the connection control flow of funds to implement low cost supervision of rural intermediary, solve the adverse selection caused by asymmetric information, malicious bilk issues; to increase the farmers' income is expected through the implementation of industrial projects, innovation as the basis for the mortgage guarantee mechanism, the realization of the mortgage replacement; to see things not see special way credit guarantee funds, the group lending model increases the farmers' income can be guaranteed, solve the non productive trait and cost of rural credit (2) each other. The formation of financial transaction pattern are closely related to the following factors: the profitability of the project of agricultural production, rural intermediary business scale, heterogeneity of agricultural products, specific asset investment, rural intermediary and farmers cooperative relations, the government's support. The profitability of agricultural production projects more strong, rural intermediary business the larger scale, heterogeneity of agricultural products is higher, the specific asset investment more, the higher the level of cooperation of rural intermediary and peasant households, the government's efforts to support the larger, more conducive to the formation of financial bond. (3) the current China's rural financial linkage is mainly for the two kinds of pattern of agriculture in developed regions and the agricultural economic development in underdeveloped areas. Connection of agriculture in developed regions is mainly based on agriculture supply chain related subjects, will be incorporated into the financial linkage, with the power of market and government to promote the formation of financial links; The agricultural economy owes the developed area connected to government dominated financial linkage to promote the formation of the two connection modes are based on agricultural production projects, focusing on farmers'reimbursement ability, especially for poor farmers financial linkage, enhance the ability to promote the transformation of farmers in poor farmers self developing ability, and scarce credit guarantee transfer to poor farmers, further to the core problem of poverty alleviation system. (4) improve financial action in connection with the farmers to fully consider the coupling effects of personal characteristics and family characteristics of farmers, and improve the recognition of Peasant Intermediary Organization service node. Because the empirical study on the antithetical couplet on coupling mode professional cooperatives as intermediary between the was the farmer's age and education level and connection behavior; there is an inverse relationship between farmers and farmers' evaluation of formal financial institutions linking behavior of farmers; The planting area of agriculture, the proportion of income, social capital and the evaluation of professional cooperatives and joint behavior and coupling effects were significant positive correlation; farmer service for professional cooperatives function recognition is the key link of financial success. (5) Internet connection transaction can effectively reduce the agricultural credit risk. The specific performance for the introduction of the insurance mechanism to reduce agricultural industrialization and the development of industry specific production risk and market risk; to farmers credit access core of the connective tissue, such as credit management credit tied mechanism to achieve effective screening before loan; deal with real mortgage guarantee mechanism, innovation mechanism and interests to form a good debt fulfillment mechanism; to control the connection of the cash flow right pledge risk control, strengthen the construction of information platform, effectively reduce the operational risk of banks, to achieve effective pre loan and post loan management. (6) The fundamental guarantee for the rural financial linkage model is the government to play a leading role. The development of agricultural industrialization to a certain stage, more risk and profit of agricultural special obvious, relying on the development of agricultural industrialization in the rural financial linkage, rely on the government or farmers difficult to deal with, starting from the weakness of agriculture and the functions of the government, on the one hand the government in the policy support system construction, establish a good external environment for financial linkage; on the other hand, to strengthen the foundation of agricultural credit risk management of the financial investment needed, the financial funds to guarantee interest subsidies, subsidies, subsidies and other forms of premium into the financial bond, and farmers, all kinds of financial institutions to bear the financial risk connection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.35
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本文編號(hào)：1376940