本文關鍵詞：中國農村金融聯(lián)結模式研究　出處：《西北農林科技大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 農村金融 金融聯(lián)結 聯(lián)結中介 農民合作經濟組織 農戶組織化

【摘要】：農戶融資難是我國農村普遍存在的現(xiàn)象,為制約我國農村經濟發(fā)展的一個重要原因。導致農戶融資難的原因主要有以下幾個方面:一為單個農戶融資額度小、居住地分散、農業(yè)自然風險形成的特質性成本及風險;二是信息不對稱引發(fā)的逆向選擇、道德風險以及有限執(zhí)行成本,導致農村信貸市場失靈;三是由于產權制度缺陷、法律體系不完善等因素,農戶缺乏銀行能夠接受的抵押品,無法通過提供有效抵押品來解決農村信貸市場的失靈問題;四是農村金融市場借貸以非生產性為主,與商業(yè)銀行在農村金融市場的生產性借貸為主相悖。其中以信息約束和抵押約束為主要原因,是破解農戶融資難題的關鍵所在。因此,在信息約束和抵押約束條件下,如何借助信貸交易模式的創(chuàng)新,建立可行的授信管理機制和負債履約機制以防范農戶的機會主義行為,進而降低農村金融市場的信貸風險是解決農戶融資難題的突破口。從國外成功的經驗以及國內的一些實踐來看,金融聯(lián)結是破解以上難題的一個有效途徑,金融聯(lián)結通過正規(guī)金融機構和非正規(guī)金融機構之間的戰(zhàn)略合作以擴大對農村地區(qū)的金融服務,本文主要研究以互聯(lián)性交易為基礎的金融聯(lián)結模式。在這種模式中非正規(guī)金融機構為與農戶經常打交道的本土化組織,借助本土化組織以一定的途徑將農戶的資金需求規(guī)�；⑥r戶組織化,降低金融機構與農戶的高交易成本;利用本土化組織在當地擁有的特有信息以及農產品生產、銷售的交易信息,有效解決農戶的信息不對稱問題;互聯(lián)性金融聯(lián)結保障資金流入農業(yè)生產領域的同時,根據農業(yè)生產項目進行抵押擔保機制創(chuàng)新,并實現(xiàn)相關聯(lián)結主體的信用捆綁,提升農戶的信用,達到向農戶擴展信貸服務的目的。本文在吸收國內外研究成果并總結現(xiàn)有金融聯(lián)結實踐的基礎上,從理論和實踐角度分析了金融聯(lián)結解決農戶融資問題的關鍵性問題:(1)在理論方面,金融聯(lián)結的信用機理是怎樣形成的?金融聯(lián)結如何緩解農村金融市場的信息不對稱問題?金融聯(lián)結能否緩解農戶缺乏有效抵押品問題?金融聯(lián)結能否突破傳統(tǒng)信貸模式,進而擴大對農戶的信貸服務?(2)實踐中,農村金融聯(lián)結的可行性模式有哪些?具體的運行機制如何?應用效果如何?在當前法律制度和信用體系不健全情況下,如何進行各項履約機制的安排以有效控制信貸風險?針對以上問題,本文對金融聯(lián)結的機理、金融聯(lián)結的模式、金融聯(lián)結模式的穩(wěn)定性進行了深層次的理論分析,建立了理論分析框架,在此基礎上對中國農村金融聯(lián)結的參與主體、金融聯(lián)結效果、金融聯(lián)結風險進行了分析,最終得出以下結論:(1)農村金融聯(lián)結在保證正規(guī)金融機構財務可持續(xù)性的前提下,提供了解決農村融資困境的一個新思路,當前比較可行的農村金融聯(lián)結模式為基于“產業(yè)合作+信用合作”基礎上的互聯(lián)性交易聯(lián)結。這類金融聯(lián)結借助與借款人日常生活和生產的緊密接觸,便于實施橫向監(jiān)督;銀行通過農產品生產和銷售中的交易信息、聯(lián)結資金流的控制實現(xiàn)對鄉(xiāng)村中介的低成本監(jiān)督,解決信息不對稱帶來的逆向選擇、惡意賴帳等問題;借助產業(yè)化項目的實施增加農戶的期望收益,并以此為基礎進行抵押擔保機制的創(chuàng)新,實現(xiàn)抵押替代;以見物不見錢的方式保障信貸資金專款專用,以團體貸款的模式增加了農戶的可保證收入,解決了農戶信貸的非生產性及特質性成本問題。(2)互聯(lián)性交易金融聯(lián)結模式的形成與以下因素密切相關:農業(yè)生產項目的盈利性、鄉(xiāng)村中介的經營規(guī)模、農產品的異質性、專用性資產的投入、鄉(xiāng)村中介與農戶的合作關系、政府的扶持力度。農業(yè)生產項目的盈利性越強、鄉(xiāng)村中介的經營規(guī)模越大、農產品的異質性越高、雙方專用性資產投入越多、鄉(xiāng)村中介與農戶的合作程度越高、政府的扶持力度越大,越有利于形成金融聯(lián)結。(3)當前我國農村金融聯(lián)結主要有針對農業(yè)經濟發(fā)達地區(qū)和農業(yè)經濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的兩大類聯(lián)結模式。農業(yè)經濟發(fā)達地區(qū)的聯(lián)結主要圍繞農業(yè)供應鏈相關主體,將其納入金融聯(lián)結,以市場和政府的力量推動金融聯(lián)結的形成;農業(yè)經濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的聯(lián)結以政府力量為主導推動金融聯(lián)結的形成。兩類聯(lián)結模式都依托農業(yè)生產項目,注重農戶還款能力的提升,尤其是針對貧困農戶的金融聯(lián)結,農戶能力的提升推動貧困農戶自我發(fā)展能力的轉化,并保障稀缺的信貸資金傳遞到貧困農戶,深入到扶貧體制的核心問題。(4)提高農戶的金融聯(lián)結行為與聯(lián)結效果要充分考慮農戶的個人特征與家庭特征,并提高農戶對聯(lián)結中介組織服務功能的認可度。因為對以專業(yè)合作社為聯(lián)結中介的聯(lián)結模式的實證研究表明:農戶的年齡和教育程度與聯(lián)結行為正相關;農戶對正規(guī)金融機構的評價與農戶聯(lián)結行為呈反向關系;農戶的種植面積、農業(yè)收入占比、社會資本以及對專業(yè)合作社的評價與聯(lián)結行為及聯(lián)結效果均呈明顯的正相關關系;農戶對專業(yè)合作社服務功能的認可則是金融聯(lián)結成功的關鍵所在。(5)互聯(lián)性交易聯(lián)結可有效降低農業(yè)信貸風險。具體表現(xiàn)為:以產業(yè)化發(fā)展并引入保險機制降低農業(yè)產業(yè)特有的生產風險和市場風險;以對農戶、核心聯(lián)結組織的授信準入、信用捆綁等授信管理機制實現(xiàn)貸前的有效甄別;以真實交易、抵押創(chuàng)新機制及利益保障機制形成良好的負債履約機制;以聯(lián)結資金流的控制、物權質押風險控制、強化信息平臺建設等方面有效降低銀行的操作風險,實現(xiàn)有效的貸前和貸后管理。(6)農村金融聯(lián)結模式的根本保障是政府發(fā)揮主導作用。農業(yè)產業(yè)化發(fā)展到一定的新階段,農業(yè)特有的風險和盈利問題愈加明顯,依托農業(yè)產業(yè)化發(fā)展的農村金融聯(lián)結,單靠政府或農戶難以應對,從農業(yè)的弱質性和政府職能出發(fā),一方面政府應在政策支持、制度建設方面為金融聯(lián)結建立良好的外部環(huán)境;另一方面加強必要的財政投入奠定農業(yè)信貸資金風險管理的物質基礎,將財政資金以利息補貼、擔保補貼、保費補貼等形式注入金融聯(lián)結,與農戶、金融機構共同承擔金融聯(lián)結的各類風險。
[Abstract]:Rural financing is widespread in China's rural areas, an important reason for restricting the development of rural economy in China. The causes of rural financing mainly has the following several aspects: one is the individual farmers financing amount is small, the residence scattered, agricultural natural risk formation characteristics of the cost and risk of adverse selection is two; induced by information asymmetry, moral hazard and limited execution cost, resulting in the rural credit market failure; three is due to the defects of property rights, the legal system is not perfect and other factors, farmers lack of bank acceptable collateral, no method to solve the problem of rural credit market failure by providing effective collateral; four is the rural financial market lending to non production mainly, and commercial banks in the rural financial market production based lending contrary. With information constraints and the collateral constraint is the main reason, is to break the farmers financing The key management problem. Therefore, in the information constraints and collateral constraints, how to use innovative credit transaction model, the opportunism behavior establish feasible credit management and debt fulfillment mechanism to prevent farmers, thereby reducing the rural financial market, credit risk is the key point in solving the financing problems of the farmers. From the successful experience of foreign countries and some domestic practice, the financial linkage is an effective way to solve the above problems, the strategic cooperation between the financial linkage through formal financial institutions and non formal financial institutions to expand the financial services in rural areas, this paper mainly studies the Internet transaction based financial linkage mode. In this mode of informal finance mechanism for the localization of organizations and farmers often deal with the localization, organization in a certain way to the financial needs of farmers scale, The organization, financial institutions and farmers reduce the high cost of production; the use of local organizations in the local agricultural products have specific information and transaction information, sales, effectively solve the problem of asymmetric information of farmers; Internet security funds into financial linkage in the area of agricultural production at the same time, mortgage guarantee mechanism innovation according to the agricultural production project. The main credit link bundling, enhance the farmers to expand credit, credit services to farmers. Based on the researches of domestic and abroad and summarizes the existing financial related practice, theory and practice from the point of view of the financial link key problems to solve the financing problems of farmers: (1) in theory hand, credit mechanism and financial linkages is formed? How to alleviate the problem of asymmetric information financial linkage of rural financial market financial link? Whether the farmers are lack of effective collateral to alleviate the problem? The financial linkage can break the traditional credit model, and then expand the credit services to farmers? (2) in practice, what are the feasible mode of rural financial linkage mechanism? How to run a specific application? How is the effect? In the legal system and the credit system is not perfect, how to carry out the implementation mechanism is arranged in order to effectively control the credit risk? To solve the above problems, the mechanism of financial linkages, financial linkage model, the stability of the financial pattern of a deep analysis theory, establishes a theoretical analysis framework, participation of China rural financial linkage based on financial linkage effect, financial linkage the risk analysis, finally draws the following conclusions: (1) the rural financial linkage under the premise of ensuring the financial sustainability of formal financial institutions, provide the solutions for agricultural A new idea of village financing difficulties, the feasible rural financial linkage mode based on "industrial cooperation + credit cooperation" on the basis of the Internet connection. This kind of financial transactions by means of connection in close contact with the borrower's daily life and production, to facilitate the implementation of lateral supervision; bank transaction information through the production and sale of agricultural products the connection control flow of funds to implement low cost supervision of rural intermediary, solve the adverse selection caused by asymmetric information, malicious bilk issues; to increase the farmers' income is expected through the implementation of industrial projects, innovation as the basis for the mortgage guarantee mechanism, the realization of the mortgage replacement; to see things not see special way credit guarantee funds, the group lending model increases the farmers' income can be guaranteed, solve the non productive trait and cost of rural credit (2) each other. The formation of financial transaction pattern are closely related to the following factors: the profitability of the project of agricultural production, rural intermediary business scale, heterogeneity of agricultural products, specific asset investment, rural intermediary and farmers cooperative relations, the government's support. The profitability of agricultural production projects more strong, rural intermediary business the larger scale, heterogeneity of agricultural products is higher, the specific asset investment more, the higher the level of cooperation of rural intermediary and peasant households, the government's efforts to support the larger, more conducive to the formation of financial bond. (3) the current China's rural financial linkage is mainly for the two kinds of pattern of agriculture in developed regions and the agricultural economic development in underdeveloped areas. Connection of agriculture in developed regions is mainly based on agriculture supply chain related subjects, will be incorporated into the financial linkage, with the power of market and government to promote the formation of financial links; The agricultural economy owes the developed area connected to government dominated financial linkage to promote the formation of the two connection modes are based on agricultural production projects, focusing on farmers'reimbursement ability, especially for poor farmers financial linkage, enhance the ability to promote the transformation of farmers in poor farmers self developing ability, and scarce credit guarantee transfer to poor farmers, further to the core problem of poverty alleviation system. (4) improve financial action in connection with the farmers to fully consider the coupling effects of personal characteristics and family characteristics of farmers, and improve the recognition of Peasant Intermediary Organization service node. Because the empirical study on the antithetical couplet on coupling mode professional cooperatives as intermediary between the was the farmer's age and education level and connection behavior; there is an inverse relationship between farmers and farmers' evaluation of formal financial institutions linking behavior of farmers; The planting area of agriculture, the proportion of income, social capital and the evaluation of professional cooperatives and joint behavior and coupling effects were significant positive correlation; farmer service for professional cooperatives function recognition is the key link of financial success. (5) Internet connection transaction can effectively reduce the agricultural credit risk. The specific performance for the introduction of the insurance mechanism to reduce agricultural industrialization and the development of industry specific production risk and market risk; to farmers credit access core of the connective tissue, such as credit management credit tied mechanism to achieve effective screening before loan; deal with real mortgage guarantee mechanism, innovation mechanism and interests to form a good debt fulfillment mechanism; to control the connection of the cash flow right pledge risk control, strengthen the construction of information platform, effectively reduce the operational risk of banks, to achieve effective pre loan and post loan management. (6) The fundamental guarantee for the rural financial linkage model is the government to play a leading role. The development of agricultural industrialization to a certain stage, more risk and profit of agricultural special obvious, relying on the development of agricultural industrialization in the rural financial linkage, rely on the government or farmers difficult to deal with, starting from the weakness of agriculture and the functions of the government, on the one hand the government in the policy support system construction, establish a good external environment for financial linkage; on the other hand, to strengthen the foundation of agricultural credit risk management of the financial investment needed, the financial funds to guarantee interest subsidies, subsidies, subsidies and other forms of premium into the financial bond, and farmers, all kinds of financial institutions to bear the financial risk connection.

【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F832.35
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本文編號：1376940