【摘要】：本文從環(huán)境史的角度切入,在回顧土鹽歷史脈絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)民國(guó)山西中北部地區(qū)的土鹽經(jīng)濟(jì)和地方社會(huì)展開研究。內(nèi)容主要包括民國(guó)前后土鹽的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),土鹽的空間分布與地理分析,土鹽的生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸和銷售,土鹽與地方社會(huì)以及土鹽退出歷史舞臺(tái)的過程。傳統(tǒng)時(shí)期,制度的不合理、交通的不便使得山西中北部民眾不時(shí)就會(huì)遭遇淡食之困,加之大面積的鹽堿化土地使得發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的條件相對(duì)惡劣,“刮土熬鹽”成為山西中北部地區(qū)民眾迫不得已的謀生手段之一。也正是這樣的契機(jī)使得土鹽生產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)期存在于山西歷史舞臺(tái),并逐漸發(fā)展壯大,清代中期以后形成一定規(guī)模的土鹽經(jīng)濟(jì),一個(gè)完整的土鹽產(chǎn)銷區(qū)出現(xiàn),土鹽經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)從被迫的生存選擇發(fā)展為產(chǎn)、運(yùn)、銷一體的特色產(chǎn)業(yè)模式,在山西中北部地區(qū)覆蓋著大片鹽堿地而形成一條鮮明的土鹽生產(chǎn)帶,這條生產(chǎn)帶由一個(gè)個(gè)大大小小的縣份、村落組成,具體的空間分布是大同、忻定、太原三大盆地的沖湖積平原和扇間洼地,桑干河、渾河、滹沱河、汾河四條河流的河谷低洼地,充分反映了土鹽這種地方性產(chǎn)物與自然生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的契合關(guān)系。在這條生產(chǎn)帶上生活著這樣一個(gè)群體——“鹽戶”,他們以各種方式經(jīng)營(yíng)著土鹽業(yè),或者以此為生存之本或者把它作為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)之外最重要的副業(yè),他們的生產(chǎn)、生活離不開土鹽,這里的民眾也已經(jīng)將“吃土鹽”、“用土鹽”變?yōu)橐环N根深蒂固的習(xí)慣,土鹽經(jīng)濟(jì)深深扎根于這片土地,一定程度上維系著地方社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。歷史發(fā)展到民國(guó),面對(duì)官方“寓禁于征”,逐漸消減土鹽生產(chǎn)的上層壓力以及蘆鹽、蒙鹽逐漸深入、爭(zhēng)奪食鹽市場(chǎng)的外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng),先天條件并非優(yōu)越的山西土鹽經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有迅速衰敗,退出歷史舞臺(tái),卻是在1920-1930年代處于一個(gè)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)態(tài),原因何在?仔細(xì)梳理資料發(fā)現(xiàn),晉北土鹽主要的生產(chǎn)原理便是“蒸發(fā)—過濾—結(jié)晶”,較為簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué),易于擴(kuò)散,而且晉北生產(chǎn)的土鹽也并非所想象的非常不利于身體健康,它雖然在口感上不敵蘆、蒙鹽,但是對(duì)于生活在廣大鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的普通民眾來說價(jià)格便宜又購(gòu)買方便。民國(guó)時(shí)期土鹽雖然受到外鹽的排擠,卻因?yàn)樯轿魈厥獾恼苇h(huán)境、交通因素、土鹽業(yè)自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)等特點(diǎn),依然有著自己的銷售市場(chǎng)。隨著現(xiàn)代化的加深,交通條件的大為改善,鹽堿化土地改良技術(shù)的提高以及國(guó)家鹽業(yè)政策的改變,土鹽最終難逃時(shí)代命運(yùn),逐漸退出了人們的生活。
[Abstract]:On the basis of reviewing the historical context of soil salt, this paper studies the soil salt economy and local society in the central and northern areas of Shanxi Province in the Republic of China from the point of view of environmental history and on the basis of reviewing the historical context of soil salt. The contents mainly include the development trend of soil salt before and after the Republic of China, the spatial distribution and geographical analysis of soil salt, the production, transportation and marketing of soil salt, the process of soil salt and local society and the withdrawal of soil salt from the historical stage. In the traditional period, the unreasonable system and the inconvenience of transportation made the people in the middle and northern parts of Shanxi suffer from time to time the difficulty of light food. In addition, the large area of salinized land made the conditions of developing agricultural production relatively poor. Scraping and boiling salt has become one of the means of livelihood for the people in the central and northern parts of Shanxi province. It is such an opportunity that the soil salt production exists in the historical stage of Shanxi for a long time, and gradually develops and grows. After the middle Qing Dynasty, a certain scale of soil salt economy was formed, and a complete soil salt production and marketing area appeared. The soil salt economy has developed from a forced survival choice to a characteristic industrial model of production, transportation and marketing, covering a large area of saline-alkali land in the central and northern parts of Shanxi and forming a distinctive soil-salt production belt. This production belt is composed of large and small counties and villages. The specific spatial distribution is the alluvial plain and fan depression in the three basins of Datong, Xinding and Taiyuan, Sanggan River, Hunhe River and Hutuo River. The low-lying valley of the four rivers of Fenhe River fully reflects the relationship between the local product of soil salt and the natural ecological environment. In this production belt live such a group, "salt households", they operate the earth salt industry in various ways, or as the basis for survival or as the most important sideline outside agricultural production, their production, Living without earth salt, the people here have also "eat soil salt", "use soil salt" into a deep-rooted habit, the soil salt economy deeply rooted in the land, to a certain extent, to maintain the harmony and stability of local society. Historical development to the Republic of China, in the face of the official "ban on the March," gradually reduce the upper pressure of soil salt production as well as Reed salt, Mongolian salt gradually deepened, competing for the external competition of the salt market. Shanxi's native salt economy, which was not superior in nature, did not decline rapidly and withdrew from the historical stage, but it was in a steady growth state in 1920's and 1930's. What are the reasons for this? Carefully combing the data, it is found that the main production principle of soil salt in North Shanxi is "evaporation-filtration-crystallization", which is relatively simple and easy to learn, easy to diffuse, and the soil salt produced in North Shanxi is not very harmful to your health as imagined. Although it is unpalatable in taste, salt, but to live in the vast rural areas of the ordinary people are cheap and easy to buy. In the Republic of China, soil salt has its own marketing market because of its special political environment, traffic factors, and the advantages of the earth salt industry, although it has been squeezed out by the external salt industry in the Republic of China, because of its special political environment, transportation factors, and its own advantages. With the deepening of modernization, the improvement of traffic conditions, the improvement of the technology of salinized land improvement and the change of the national salt policy, the earth salt was finally doomed to escape the fate of the times, and gradually withdrew from people's lives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F429

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 蕭國(guó)亮;清代鹽業(yè)制度論[J];鹽業(yè)史研究;1989年01期

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本文編號(hào)：2445428