【摘要】：“中東有石油,中國(guó)有稀土�！敝袊�(guó)稀土在世界上不僅資源第一,產(chǎn)量第一,應(yīng)用量第一,而且出口量也是第一。因此,中國(guó)稀土在世界稀土市場(chǎng)上起著舉足輕重的作用,理應(yīng)具有稀土市場(chǎng)上的定價(jià)權(quán)。然而,在中國(guó)稀土迅速占領(lǐng)世界市場(chǎng)的同時(shí),中國(guó)稀土企業(yè)之間卻展開(kāi)著惡性的“中國(guó)式競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)失去了國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的定價(jià)權(quán)。本文通過(guò)勒納指數(shù)的測(cè)量,發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大多數(shù)年份的勒納指數(shù)值都低于0.5,甚至低至0.1,說(shuō)明我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)確實(shí)沒(méi)有定價(jià)權(quán)。于是,有學(xué)者把這種現(xiàn)象叫做“沒(méi)有定價(jià)權(quán)的壟斷者”或“中國(guó)大市場(chǎng)悖論”。那么,關(guān)于我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)失去國(guó)際定價(jià)權(quán)的原因及其對(duì)策就成為我國(guó)理論界與實(shí)踐界關(guān)注的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。 本文通過(guò)集體行動(dòng)理論研究我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)定價(jià)權(quán)問(wèn)題后發(fā)現(xiàn),其實(shí)這一悖論是不存在的。根據(jù)集體行動(dòng)理論的核心觀點(diǎn)：“除非一個(gè)集團(tuán)中人數(shù)很少,或者除非存在強(qiáng)制或其他某些特殊手段以使個(gè)人按照他們的共同利益行事,有理性的、尋求自我利益的個(gè)人不會(huì)采取行動(dòng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)他們共同的或集團(tuán)的利益�！苯Y(jié)合稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展情況,本文認(rèn)為我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)是不可能形成集體行動(dòng)的。因此,缺失定價(jià)權(quán)也就不難理解了。同時(shí),本文在集體行動(dòng)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)影響我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)定價(jià)權(quán)的原因進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。其結(jié)論是：稀土企業(yè)的個(gè)數(shù)與企業(yè)間的組織成本對(duì)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)定價(jià)權(quán)有負(fù)向影響；具有影響力企業(yè)所占的份額與政府的稀土政策對(duì)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)定價(jià)權(quán)有正向影響；且稀土企業(yè)的個(gè)數(shù)和具有影響力企業(yè)所占的份額是影響稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)定價(jià)權(quán)的兩個(gè)最重要的因素。 基于上述分析,本文提出了爭(zhēng)奪我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)定價(jià)權(quán)的政策建議,即：提高稀土行業(yè)的準(zhǔn)入門(mén)檻,減少行業(yè)內(nèi)企業(yè)的數(shù)量；培植國(guó)內(nèi)乃至國(guó)際具有影響力的稀土大企業(yè),在稀土國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上形成卡特爾；改革現(xiàn)有的稀土出口配額制度,建立稀土儲(chǔ)備制度；對(duì)行業(yè)內(nèi)企業(yè)實(shí)施“選擇性激勵(lì)”,加快稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)組織和制度建設(shè)；加快稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,提升稀土產(chǎn)品的附加值。希望通過(guò)本文總結(jié)提出的政策措施可以為研究我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)定價(jià)權(quán)問(wèn)題提供一定的參考,并促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)集體行動(dòng)理論的進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:"there is oil in the Middle East and rare earths in China." China's rare earths are not only the first resource, the first output, the first applied quantity, but also the first export amount in the world. Therefore, Chinese rare earth plays an important role in the world rare earth market, and it should have pricing power in rare earth market. However, while China is occupying the world market rapidly, the Chinese rare earth enterprises have launched a vicious "Chinese competition", which leads to the loss of pricing power in the international market. Through the measurement of Lerner index, it is found that the Lena index of most years is lower than 0.5 or even as low as 0.1, which shows that the rare earth industry in China does not have pricing power. Therefore, some scholars call this phenomenon "monopolist without pricing power" or "China's big market paradox". Therefore, the causes and countermeasures of the loss of international pricing power in China's rare earth industry have become a major issue of concern in the theoretical and practical circles of our country. This paper studies the pricing power of rare earth industry in China by means of collective action theory and finds that this paradox does not exist. According to the core view of the theory of collective action, "unless there is a small number of people in a group, or unless there are coercive or other special means to enable individuals to act in their common interest," Individuals seeking self-interest will not act to achieve their common or group interests. " According to the development of rare earth industry, it is impossible to form collective action in rare earth industry in China. Therefore, the lack of pricing power is not difficult to understand. At the same time, based on the collective action theory, this paper makes an empirical study on the reasons that affect the pricing power of rare earth industry in China. The conclusions are as follows: the number of rare earth enterprises and the organization cost among enterprises have a negative impact on the pricing power of rare earth industry, the share of influential enterprises and the government's rare earth policy have a positive impact on the pricing power of rare earth industry. The number of rare earth enterprises and the share of influential enterprises are the two most important factors affecting the pricing power of rare earth industry. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the price fixing power of rare earth industry in China, that is, raising the entry threshold of rare earth industry and reducing the number of enterprises in the industry; To cultivate influential rare earth enterprises at home and abroad to form cartels in the international market of rare earths, to reform the existing quota system for rare earth exports, and to establish a reserve system for rare earths; We should implement "selective incentive" to enterprises in the industry, speed up the construction of rare earth industry organization and system, speed up the technological innovation of rare earth industry, and promote the added value of rare earth products. It is hoped that the policy and measures proposed in this paper can provide some reference for the study of pricing power of rare earth industry in China and promote further research on the theory of collective action in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426

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