【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)制造業(yè)取得了舉世矚目的成就，很多制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)躍居世界第一位，制造業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不斷提升。外商直接投資對(duì)我國(guó)制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提高功不可沒(méi)。相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期內(nèi)，大量外資流入中國(guó)，而其中大約70%流入了制造業(yè)。那么，，目前外商直接投資在我國(guó)制造業(yè)中的分布結(jié)構(gòu)是否有利于我國(guó)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提升呢？外商直接投資又是如何影響我國(guó)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的呢？這些問(wèn)題亟待研究。 近年來(lái)，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注和重視。中共十六大、十七大和十八大都作出了有關(guān)加快調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的政策指示，引起學(xué)界對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)研究的新浪潮。本文帶著上述兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，深入研究FDI對(duì)我國(guó)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的影響。 本文在對(duì)外商直接投資對(duì)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的影響機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建了較為全面的制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系，并以此指標(biāo)體系為分析對(duì)象、依影響機(jī)制設(shè)定分析框架，建立FDI投入產(chǎn)出模型，從全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度分析研究了制造業(yè)中FDI對(duì)進(jìn)入行業(yè)的直接效應(yīng)和間接效應(yīng)。 研究結(jié)果表明，我國(guó)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力整體呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì)，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨于高級(jí)化，產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)性逐年升高，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境逐漸向好，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率顯著升高，但資本生產(chǎn)率并未有明顯上升，且近年來(lái)呈現(xiàn)走低趨勢(shì)；制造業(yè)16部門(mén)中，F(xiàn)DI相對(duì)集中流入的行業(yè)多為主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)；相反，在傳統(tǒng)制造行業(yè)中FDI行業(yè)占比相對(duì)較低。因此在不考慮產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)，我國(guó)制造業(yè)的外資結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)我國(guó)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提升，尤其是對(duì)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)高級(jí)化和高效化的提升效應(yīng)較為顯著；引入投入產(chǎn)出模型后，在對(duì)FDI對(duì)其他行業(yè)的間接效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)DI相對(duì)集中流入的行業(yè)對(duì)其他行業(yè)的資本和勞動(dòng)需求及排污和能耗拉動(dòng)作用較大，這一定程度上抵消了FDI對(duì)某行業(yè)的直接效應(yīng)，有礙于制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)高級(jí)化和高效化發(fā)展；在對(duì)第二類(lèi)間接效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析以后發(fā)現(xiàn)，其他行業(yè)FDI產(chǎn)品需求較大的行業(yè)主要集中于制造業(yè)的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，有利于我國(guó)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的升級(jí)和結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提升。 最后，基于以上研究結(jié)論筆者給出了政策建議。筆者認(rèn)為，要使外商直接投資在提升我國(guó)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力中發(fā)揮更大的作用，不僅要積極引導(dǎo)外商直接投資流向高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，更要采取措施鼓勵(lì)外資企業(yè)分享先進(jìn)技術(shù)，加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和技術(shù)溢出。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements. The output of many manufacturing products has leapt to the first place in the world, and the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry has been continuously improved. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed to the improvement of the competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. Over a considerable period of time, much foreign capital flowed into China, of which about 70 per cent went to manufacturing. So, is the distribution structure of FDI in China's manufacturing industry conducive to the promotion of the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry? How does foreign direct investment affect the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry? These problems need to be studied urgently. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the problem of industrial structure. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) have issued policy instructions on accelerating the adjustment of industrial structure, which has caused a new wave of academic research on industrial structure. With the above two problems, this paper deeply studies the influence of FDI on the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry. Based on the analysis of the influence mechanism of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the structural competitiveness of manufacturing industry, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of the structural competitiveness of manufacturing industry, and takes this index system as the analysis object. The FDI input-output model was set up according to the influence mechanism, and the direct and indirect effects of FDI on the entry of the manufacturing industry were studied from the point of view of the whole industry chain. The results show that the overall competitiveness of the manufacturing industry is on the rise, the industrial structure tends to be advanced, the industrial coordination is increasing year by year, the industrial structure environment is gradually improving, and the labor productivity is increasing significantly. However, the capital productivity has not obviously increased, and in recent years it has shown a downward trend. In the 16 sectors of manufacturing industry, the leading industry and high-tech industry are the leading industries in which FDI is relatively concentrated, while the proportion of FDI industry is relatively low in the traditional manufacturing industry. Therefore, the foreign capital structure of China's manufacturing industry can enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry structure, especially the advanced and efficient manufacturing structure. After introducing the input-output model, the indirect effects of FDI on other industries are analyzed. It is found that the capital and labor demand, emission and energy consumption of the industries in which FDI is relatively concentrated has a greater pull effect. To some extent, this counteracts the direct effect of FDI on a certain industry and hinders the development of advanced and efficient manufacturing structure. After analyzing the second kind of indirect effect, it is found that the industries with large demand for FDI products in other industries are mainly concentrated in the leading industries of manufacturing and high-tech industries. It is conducive to upgrading the industrial structure and enhancing the competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. Finally, based on the above conclusions, the author gives some policy recommendations. In my opinion, in order to make foreign direct investment play a greater role in enhancing the competitiveness of our manufacturing industry, we should not only actively guide foreign direct investment to high-tech industries, but also take measures to encourage foreign-funded enterprises to share advanced technology. Strengthen industry connection, further promote technology transfer and technology spillover.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.6;F424

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