【摘要】：石油企業(yè)在油田開發(fā)過程中，雖然給人們帶來了能源，但是伴隨著能源的產(chǎn)生，，也同時產(chǎn)生了各種污染物。有些污染物是由于企業(yè)的不當(dāng)操作而產(chǎn)生的，有些污染物則是不可避免的，然而這些污染物卻對生態(tài)環(huán)境（大氣環(huán)境、水環(huán)境、土壤環(huán)境、自然植被及野生動物等）造成了復(fù)雜的、長期性的影響。而石油企業(yè)作為油田開發(fā)過程中的主要污染單位，應(yīng)承擔(dān)污染補(bǔ)償環(huán)境的責(zé)任，這既有利于維護(hù)環(huán)境安全，保障公民和全社會的環(huán)境權(quán)益，也有利于推動石油企業(yè)加深對保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境重要性的認(rèn)識。 本文在明確企業(yè)環(huán)境責(zé)任、石油企業(yè)油田開發(fā)、石油企業(yè)環(huán)境責(zé)任等基本概念的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了石油企業(yè)油田開發(fā)過程中各階段產(chǎn)生的污染物及對環(huán)境的影響、油田開發(fā)污染物的總體特征，并依據(jù)建立指標(biāo)體系的基本原則及一些參考依據(jù)，從合規(guī)性、環(huán)境建設(shè)、資源消耗以及三廢利用四個方面，建立了石油企業(yè)環(huán)境責(zé)任評價體系，并運用多層次灰色系統(tǒng)評價模型對石油企業(yè)所承擔(dān)的環(huán)境責(zé)任大小進(jìn)行了評價，使得企業(yè)能從量化的數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)中，找出自己的不足及與其它企業(yè)之間的差距，進(jìn)而從環(huán)境污染預(yù)防、治理與補(bǔ)償角度，提出石油企業(yè)履行環(huán)境責(zé)任的建議，為完善石油企業(yè)環(huán)境責(zé)任提供了參考性建議。環(huán)境污染預(yù)防措施包括增強(qiáng)企業(yè)環(huán)保意識、完善環(huán)境管理體系、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。在治理措施中提出了企業(yè)對于油田開發(fā)中對大氣、水環(huán)境、土壤、自然植被及野生動物等各類污染的治理與保護(hù)措施。環(huán)境污染補(bǔ)償方面應(yīng)采取建立完善的環(huán)境補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)環(huán)境會計的應(yīng)用性的措施，以幫助石油企業(yè)提高對保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的認(rèn)識，能夠更好的承擔(dān)起保護(hù)環(huán)境的責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:Although petroleum enterprises bring energy to people in the process of oil field development, along with the generation of energy, they also produce various pollutants at the same time. Some pollutants are produced as a result of improper operation by enterprises, and some pollutants are unavoidable. However, these pollutants are harmful to the ecological environment (atmospheric environment, water environment, soil environment, etc.) Natural vegetation and wildlife, etc.) cause complex, long-term effects. As the main polluters in the process of oil field development, petroleum enterprises should bear the responsibility of pollution compensation, which is conducive to safeguarding environmental safety and protecting the environmental rights and interests of citizens and the whole society. Also conducive to promoting oil enterprises to deepen the importance of protecting the ecological environment. On the basis of defining the basic concepts of enterprise environmental responsibility, oil field development and petroleum enterprise environmental responsibility, this paper analyzes the pollutants produced in each stage of oil field development in petroleum enterprise and its impact on the environment. Based on the general characteristics of pollutants in oilfield development and the basic principles and some reference bases of establishing the index system, the evaluation system of environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises is established from four aspects: compliance, environmental construction, resource consumption and utilization of three wastes. And the multi-level grey system evaluation model is used to evaluate the environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises, so that the enterprises can find out their own shortcomings and the gap between them and other enterprises from the quantitative data indicators. From the point of view of prevention, treatment and compensation of environmental pollution, the paper puts forward some suggestions for petroleum enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibility, and provides some reference suggestions for perfecting environmental responsibility of petroleum enterprises. Environmental pollution prevention measures include enhancing enterprises' awareness of environmental protection, perfecting environmental management system and technological innovation. In the treatment measures, the measures to control and protect all kinds of pollution such as atmosphere, water environment, soil, natural vegetation and wildlife in oilfield development are put forward. In the aspect of environmental pollution compensation, measures should be taken to establish perfect environmental compensation mechanism and strengthen the application of environmental accounting, so as to help petroleum enterprises to improve their understanding of protecting the ecological environment, and to better assume the responsibility of protecting the environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X82;F426.22;F270

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