美國(guó)“再工業(yè)化”戰(zhàn)略及其影響分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-03 07:49
【摘要】：2008年爆發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)席卷全球，處于金融風(fēng)暴中心的美國(guó)首當(dāng)其沖，經(jīng)濟(jì)受到嚴(yán)重沖擊，國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)陷入停滯。本次始于金融衍生品市場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)廣泛地引起了各界人士對(duì)當(dāng)前美國(guó)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)空心化、虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)大行其道的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的反思。美國(guó)政府也意識(shí)到了由于多年來去工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的影響，本國(guó)工業(yè)產(chǎn)生了極大的衰退，國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)重失衡令美國(guó)在面對(duì)金融危機(jī)時(shí)缺乏足夠的抵御能力。因此，從2009年開始，美國(guó)政府大力推行“再工業(yè)化”政策，表達(dá)了重歸實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的決心，，以期平衡本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)并使美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)早日回暖。然而盡管“再工業(yè)化”戰(zhàn)略的目的是振興實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，看起來是對(duì)去工業(yè)化造成的工業(yè)衰退進(jìn)行的補(bǔ)救，但是再工業(yè)化的核心并非單純扶持傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)，而是以政府政策的支持下對(duì)傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)進(jìn)行改造以及推進(jìn)新興工業(yè)的發(fā)展為手段，核心目的是讓美國(guó)引領(lǐng)世界制造業(yè)的新變革，使美國(guó)本土制造業(yè)朝著具有知識(shí)密集型、高附加值、廣泛應(yīng)用高新技術(shù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展，保證美國(guó)制造業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力長(zhǎng)時(shí)間領(lǐng)先于全球。 盡管在金融危機(jī)時(shí)期遭受重大損失，本國(guó)工業(yè)又因?yàn)檫B續(xù)幾十年的去工業(yè)化進(jìn)程而嚴(yán)重衰退，但美國(guó)仍然是全球第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和全球最大工業(yè)國(guó)�！霸俟I(yè)化”戰(zhàn)略有著雄厚的資本、良好的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)以及政府的大力支持作為后盾，無(wú)論其最終成果如何，毋庸置疑的是，該戰(zhàn)略勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)全球制造業(yè)市場(chǎng)造成重大影響，相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈可能迎來新一輪的洗牌，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境也會(huì)因此受到巨大沖擊。無(wú)論是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家，再工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略都有很強(qiáng)的研究?jī)r(jià)值，通過對(duì)美國(guó)各階段經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的思索，規(guī)避其所犯錯(cuò)誤，借鑒其成功之處，無(wú)論是對(duì)本國(guó)發(fā)展還是對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定都有著重大意義。 文章分為五部分。第一部分介紹了本文的選題背景和意義，并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的對(duì)再工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略的研究成果進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和綜述；第二部分通過對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)史的回顧，系統(tǒng)闡述了美國(guó)從19世紀(jì)末到21世紀(jì)初歷經(jīng)的由“工業(yè)化”到“去工業(yè)化”再到“再工業(yè)化”的歷史演進(jìn)。第三部分介紹了實(shí)施“再工業(yè)化”戰(zhàn)略的背景，給出了再工業(yè)化的定義，深入探尋了該戰(zhàn)略的核心目標(biāo)并通過對(duì)微笑曲線理論的解讀印證了再工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略的精髓，本節(jié)最后則是站在政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度對(duì)再工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)行了分析；第四部分分析了再工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施手段、影響因素和初步成效。最后的第五部分介紹了“再工業(yè)化”戰(zhàn)略對(duì)世界范圍內(nèi)以及對(duì)他國(guó)的影響，結(jié)合對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示提出了幾點(diǎn)政策建議，對(duì)全文寫作內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The economic crisis that broke out in 2008 swept across the globe, with the United States at the heart of the financial turmoil bearing the brunt of the economic shock and the stagnation of gross national product (GDP) growth. The economic crisis, which began in the financial derivatives market, has caused widespread reflection on the current economic model of the U.S. real economy. The United States government is also aware that due to the impact of many years of deindustrialization, the country's industry has suffered a great recession, and the serious imbalance in the national economic structure has left the United States with insufficient resilience in the face of the financial crisis. Therefore, since 2009, the United States government has vigorously pursued the policy of "reindustrialization" and expressed its determination to return to the real economy in order to balance its economic structure and make the United States economy recover as soon as possible. However, while the goal of the "reindustrialization" strategy is to revitalize the real economy and appear to be a remedy for the industrial recession caused by deindustrialization, the core of reindustrialization is not simply to support traditional industries, Instead, with the support of government policies to transform traditional industries and promote the development of new industries, the core goal is to enable the United States to lead the new changes in the world's manufacturing industry, so that the local manufacturing industry of the United States will become knowledge-intensive. High added-value, wide application of high-tech industrial institutions to ensure the competitiveness of the United States manufacturing industry ahead of the world for a long time. Despite the heavy losses suffered during the financial crisis and the severe recession of domestic industry due to decades of deindustrialization, the United States remains the world's largest economy and the world's largest industrial nation. The "reindustrialization" strategy, backed by a strong capital, a sound industrial base and strong government support, regardless of the final outcome, is bound to have a significant impact on the global manufacturing market, Related industrial chain may usher in a new round of reshuffle, the world economic environment will be greatly affected. Both developed and developing countries, the strategy of re-industrialization has a strong research value, through thinking about the economic behavior of various stages of the United States, to avoid its mistakes, learn from its success. Whether it is to the development of our country or to the stability of the world economy, it is of great significance. The article is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the background and significance of this topic, and summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the strategy of re-industrialization; The second part systematically expounds the historical evolution from "industrialization" to "deindustrialization" to "re-industrialization" from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century through the review of American economic history. The third part introduces the background of implementing the strategy of "reindustrialization", gives the definition of reindustrialization, probes into the core goal of the strategy, and confirms the essence of the strategy by interpreting the theory of smile curve. At the end of this section, it analyzes the strategy of reindustrialization from the angle of political economy. The fourth part analyzes the implementation of the strategy of re-industrialization, influencing factors and preliminary results. Finally, the fifth part introduces the influence of the strategy of "reindustrialization" on the whole world and other countries, puts forward some policy suggestions combined with the enlightenment to our country, and summarizes the content of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F471.2
本文編號(hào)：2307162
[Abstract]:The economic crisis that broke out in 2008 swept across the globe, with the United States at the heart of the financial turmoil bearing the brunt of the economic shock and the stagnation of gross national product (GDP) growth. The economic crisis, which began in the financial derivatives market, has caused widespread reflection on the current economic model of the U.S. real economy. The United States government is also aware that due to the impact of many years of deindustrialization, the country's industry has suffered a great recession, and the serious imbalance in the national economic structure has left the United States with insufficient resilience in the face of the financial crisis. Therefore, since 2009, the United States government has vigorously pursued the policy of "reindustrialization" and expressed its determination to return to the real economy in order to balance its economic structure and make the United States economy recover as soon as possible. However, while the goal of the "reindustrialization" strategy is to revitalize the real economy and appear to be a remedy for the industrial recession caused by deindustrialization, the core of reindustrialization is not simply to support traditional industries, Instead, with the support of government policies to transform traditional industries and promote the development of new industries, the core goal is to enable the United States to lead the new changes in the world's manufacturing industry, so that the local manufacturing industry of the United States will become knowledge-intensive. High added-value, wide application of high-tech industrial institutions to ensure the competitiveness of the United States manufacturing industry ahead of the world for a long time. Despite the heavy losses suffered during the financial crisis and the severe recession of domestic industry due to decades of deindustrialization, the United States remains the world's largest economy and the world's largest industrial nation. The "reindustrialization" strategy, backed by a strong capital, a sound industrial base and strong government support, regardless of the final outcome, is bound to have a significant impact on the global manufacturing market, Related industrial chain may usher in a new round of reshuffle, the world economic environment will be greatly affected. Both developed and developing countries, the strategy of re-industrialization has a strong research value, through thinking about the economic behavior of various stages of the United States, to avoid its mistakes, learn from its success. Whether it is to the development of our country or to the stability of the world economy, it is of great significance. The article is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the background and significance of this topic, and summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the strategy of re-industrialization; The second part systematically expounds the historical evolution from "industrialization" to "deindustrialization" to "re-industrialization" from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century through the review of American economic history. The third part introduces the background of implementing the strategy of "reindustrialization", gives the definition of reindustrialization, probes into the core goal of the strategy, and confirms the essence of the strategy by interpreting the theory of smile curve. At the end of this section, it analyzes the strategy of reindustrialization from the angle of political economy. The fourth part analyzes the implementation of the strategy of re-industrialization, influencing factors and preliminary results. Finally, the fifth part introduces the influence of the strategy of "reindustrialization" on the whole world and other countries, puts forward some policy suggestions combined with the enlightenment to our country, and summarizes the content of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F471.2
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