【摘要】：中國(guó)憑借龐大的人口基數(shù)和穩(wěn)步上升的居民收入,已經(jīng)成為小家電行業(yè)成長(zhǎng)最為迅速的市場(chǎng)。特別是2008年金融危機(jī)以來,傳統(tǒng)的大家電業(yè)發(fā)展遭遇寒流,小家電業(yè)出口量卻持續(xù)保持上升趨勢(shì),占到了我國(guó)家電出口份額的一半以上,近年來一直是家電市場(chǎng)的主要增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。但是,我國(guó)雖然是小家電生產(chǎn)大國(guó),但多數(shù)產(chǎn)品集中在價(jià)格低、利潤(rùn)低的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈底端,低價(jià)已經(jīng)成了中國(guó)小家電一個(gè)揮之不去的標(biāo)簽。在人民幣升值、原材料價(jià)格上漲、綠色貿(mào)易壁壘層出不窮等不利因素影響下,小家電的廉價(jià)路線難以繼續(xù)。在這一背景下,如何保持我國(guó)小家電產(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和市場(chǎng)份額就成為了一個(gè)值得深入研究的問題。首先,本文從傳統(tǒng)國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論、現(xiàn)代國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論及波特的國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論這三個(gè)方面對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的理論基礎(chǔ)加以論述,在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文給出了小家電產(chǎn)品的概念與范圍界定,概括性的分析了當(dāng)前我國(guó)小家電產(chǎn)品的出口現(xiàn)狀。然后,通過貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算了最近十年來我國(guó)小家電產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的顯示性指標(biāo),并與世界主要的小家電出口國(guó)進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。最后采用變異系數(shù)法對(duì)上述顯示性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià),得出了我國(guó)小家電業(yè)在國(guó)際上具有很強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),但發(fā)展速度開始減緩,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力存在下降隱患的結(jié)論。隨后,本文以波特的鉆石模型為理論基礎(chǔ)對(duì)小家電業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的影響因素進(jìn)行了定性分析和指標(biāo)選取,構(gòu)建了我國(guó)小家電產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力影響因素的計(jì)量模型,進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。研究結(jié)果表明人均GDP,小家電業(yè)從業(yè)人數(shù),小家電產(chǎn)品出口價(jià)格和研發(fā)投入這四個(gè)因素對(duì)我國(guó)小家電產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力有著顯著影響,其中人均GDP對(duì)于小家電業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的影響作用最大,時(shí)間也最為持久。最后,本文根據(jù)上述研究結(jié)論,從提高人均收入擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求、注重人才培養(yǎng)提高從業(yè)人員素質(zhì)、保證產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)提升附加值、加大研發(fā)投入等方面提出了相關(guān)的對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:With its large population base and steadily rising income, China has become the fastest-growing market for small household appliances. Especially since the financial crisis of 2008, the traditional large household appliances industry has encountered a cold current, but the export volume of small household appliances industry has maintained a rising trend, accounting for more than half of the export share of our country's household appliances. In recent years, it has been the main growth point of the household appliances market. However, although China is a big producer of small household appliances, most of the products are concentrated at the bottom of the industrial chain with low prices and low profits. Low prices have become a lingering label of small household appliances in China. Under the influence of RMB appreciation, rising raw material price, green trade barriers and other unfavorable factors, it is difficult to continue the cheap route of small household appliances. In this context, how to maintain the international competitiveness and market share of China's small household appliances industry has become a problem worthy of further study. Firstly, this paper discusses the theoretical basis of industrial international competitiveness from three aspects: traditional international trade theory, modern international trade theory and Porter's national competitive advantage theory. In this paper, the concept and scope of small household appliances are defined, and the current export situation of small household appliances in China is analyzed in a general way. Then, through the trade data, the paper calculates the display index of the international competitiveness of China's small home appliance industry in the last ten years, and makes a comparative study with the major small home appliance exporters in the world. Finally, using the coefficient of variation method to comprehensively evaluate the above indicators, it is concluded that China's small household appliances industry has a strong competitive advantage in the world, but the development speed has slowed down, and there are hidden dangers in the competitiveness of the small household appliances industry. Then, based on Porter's diamond model, this paper makes qualitative analysis and index selection on the influencing factors of international competitiveness of small household appliances industry, and constructs a measurement model of the influencing factors of international competitiveness of small household appliances industry in China. Carry on the empirical research. The results show that the average number of people employed in GDP, export price and R & D investment of small household appliances have a significant impact on the international competitiveness of China's small home appliances industry. Among them, GDP per capita has the greatest impact on the international competitiveness of the small home appliance industry, and the time is the most lasting. Finally, according to the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of increasing per capita income, expanding consumption demand, paying attention to talent training, improving the quality of employees, ensuring product quality and enhancing added value, increasing R & D investment, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.6

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本文編號(hào)：2252523