【摘要】：隨著內(nèi)陸油氣資源告急和海洋油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)興起，人們對(duì)海洋油氣的需求越來(lái)越大，海洋油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨新的重大發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。然而，我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)目前更多是粗放式的發(fā)展模式，高速發(fā)展的背后隱藏著安全問(wèn)題。海洋油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的安全關(guān)系到我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的重要基礎(chǔ)。為了促進(jìn)我國(guó)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常發(fā)展，保證國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)利益不受到嚴(yán)重侵害，就必須要確保我國(guó)海洋油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的安全。 本文一改傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全評(píng)價(jià)宏觀的探索方式，為了研究我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全狀態(tài)，分別從產(chǎn)業(yè)生存環(huán)境，產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，產(chǎn)業(yè)控制力三個(gè)方面入手，分別進(jìn)行量化評(píng)價(jià)。得出，我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境較不安全、產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不安全、產(chǎn)業(yè)控制力比較安全。 首先選取2007至2011年海洋油氣業(yè)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，利用可拓物元模型，對(duì)我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境進(jìn)行安全評(píng)估，結(jié)果表明，從2007年至2011年我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境大部分時(shí)間處于較不安全狀態(tài)，2008年更是處于不安全狀態(tài)，五年來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境安全整體處于較低水平，系統(tǒng)不夠穩(wěn)定。單個(gè)指標(biāo)來(lái)看，政府軟環(huán)境、海洋石油勘探污水入海值、海洋高校碩士及以上人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)率、產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)率成為海洋油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境安全的制約因素，改善該狀況迫在眉睫。 隨后從海洋油氣業(yè)當(dāng)前競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力、海洋油氣業(yè)未來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)潛力、海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境三個(gè)方面入手，利用灰色評(píng)價(jià)法，選取美國(guó)、日本、澳大利亞、英國(guó)、挪威、委內(nèi)瑞拉6個(gè)國(guó)家與中國(guó)進(jìn)行海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力對(duì)比分析，，得出海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力總體排名順序是：美國(guó)、英國(guó)、委內(nèi)瑞拉、澳大利亞、日本、中國(guó)、挪威。結(jié)果表明，我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力總體相對(duì)較弱，處于下游水平，單方面進(jìn)行比較，當(dāng)前競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)力較弱，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境較弱，但存在較大發(fā)展?jié)摿Α?在海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)控制力評(píng)價(jià)中，選取石油資源產(chǎn)業(yè)外資市場(chǎng)控制率、石油資源產(chǎn)業(yè)外資品牌擁有率、受控制企業(yè)外資國(guó)別集中度、油氣資源產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)口對(duì)外依存度、油氣資源產(chǎn)業(yè)出口對(duì)外依存度、油氣資源產(chǎn)業(yè)資本對(duì)外依存度六個(gè)指標(biāo)。利用線性模型，得出我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)控制力總體得分為70.5，處于較安全的狀態(tài)。但是油氣資源產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)口對(duì)外依存度得分為18，處于不安全狀態(tài)，出口對(duì)外依存度得分為41，處于臨界安全，應(yīng)當(dāng)引起注意，不可放松警惕。 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在維護(hù)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全方面值得我國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)借鑒，通過(guò)分析美國(guó)的半官半民模式、日本的科技護(hù)海模式、韓國(guó)的強(qiáng)政府模式、澳大利亞的綜合管理模式，發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋油氣強(qiáng)國(guó)都重視科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新，提倡海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐的科技化；注重法律法規(guī)對(duì)海洋油氣業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全的規(guī)法引導(dǎo)作用。以此為我國(guó)海洋油氣業(yè)的發(fā)展提供對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:With the urgent development of inland oil and gas resources and the rise of offshore oil and gas industry, the demand for offshore oil and gas is increasing, and the offshore oil and gas industry is facing new important development opportunities. However, China's offshore oil and gas industry is now more extensive development model, behind the rapid development of hidden safety problems. The safety of offshore oil and gas industry is related to the long-term development of China's economy and is the important foundation of our country's economic security. In order to promote the normal development of China's marine economy and ensure that the national economic interests are not seriously infringed, it is necessary to ensure the safety of China's marine oil and gas industry. In order to study the industrial safety status of China's offshore oil and gas industry, this paper changes the traditional exploration mode of industrial safety evaluation and carries out quantitative evaluation from three aspects: industrial survival environment, industrial international competitiveness and industrial control power. It is concluded that China's marine oil and gas industry is unsafe in its industrial environment, unsafe in its international competitiveness and relatively safe in industrial control. Firstly, the relevant data of offshore oil and gas industry from 2007 to 2011 are selected to evaluate the safety of marine oil and gas industry environment in China by using extension matter-element model. The results show that, From 2007 to 2011, the industrial environment of China's offshore oil and gas industry is in a relatively unsafe state for most of the time, especially in 2008. In the past five years, the overall industrial environment security is at a relatively low level, and the system is not stable enough. In a single index, the soft environment of the government, the value of the offshore oil exploration sewage, the growth rate of the number of marine colleges and universities and the employment rate of the industry become the restricting factors of the environmental safety of the offshore oil and gas industry, so it is urgent to improve the situation. Then, starting with the current competitiveness of the offshore oil and gas industry, the future competitive potential of the offshore oil and gas industry, and the competitive environment of the offshore oil and gas industry, using the grey evaluation method, this paper selects the United States, Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, Norway, the United States, Japan, Australia, Britain, Norway. Through comparative analysis of the international competitiveness of offshore oil and gas industry between Venezuela and China, it is concluded that the overall ranking order of the competitiveness of offshore oil and gas industry is: United States, Britain, Venezuela, Australia, Japan, China, Norway. The results show that the international competitiveness of China's offshore oil and gas industry is relatively weak, which is in the downstream level. Compared unilaterally, the current competitive strength is weaker and the competitive environment is weak, but there is a great potential for development. In the evaluation of the control power of offshore oil and gas industry, the foreign capital market control rate of oil and gas industry, the foreign capital brand ownership rate of oil and gas industry, the national concentration of foreign capital of controlled enterprises, the degree of dependence of oil and gas resources industry import on foreign countries are selected. Oil and gas resources industry export external dependence degree, oil and gas resources industry capital external dependence degree six indexes. By using the linear model, the overall score of China's offshore oil and gas industry control is 70.5, which is in a relatively safe state. But the oil and gas resources industry import foreign dependence degree score is 18, is in the unsafe state, the export external dependence degree score is 41, is in the critical safety, should cause the attention, must not relax the vigilance. The developed countries are worthy of learning from China in maintaining the safety of the offshore oil and gas industry. By analyzing the semi-official and semi-civilian model of the United States, the Japanese model of protecting the sea by science and technology, the strong government model of South Korea and the comprehensive management model of Australia, It is found that all the powerful marine oil and gas countries attach importance to the development and innovation of science and technology, advocate the scientific and technological support of the offshore oil and gas industry, and attach importance to the role of laws and regulations in guiding the safety of the offshore oil and gas industry. In order to provide countermeasures for the development of China's offshore oil and gas industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.22

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