【摘要】：中國(guó)電力行業(yè)在迅速發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,能源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題逐漸顯現(xiàn),制約了電力行業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。針對(duì)目前電力行業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)過(guò)程中的能源利用率低、能耗過(guò)高、污染嚴(yán)重的局面,價(jià)格是最有效的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制。將發(fā)電過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境外部成本納入我國(guó)電價(jià)定價(jià)機(jī)制中,充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)作用,利用價(jià)格這個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)資源配置的有效方式減少環(huán)境污染,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)電力行業(yè)的可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。由于篇幅所限,本文僅就火電,風(fēng)電這兩個(gè)具有典型環(huán)境外部成本的電源進(jìn)行分析。 論文首先回顧國(guó)內(nèi)外電力行業(yè)外部性問(wèn)題的研究現(xiàn)狀。指出火力發(fā)電產(chǎn)生的外部成本不僅導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境污染、發(fā)電企業(yè)的超額利潤(rùn),而且阻礙了風(fēng)能等其它清潔能源的發(fā)展。具有負(fù)外部成本的火電企業(yè)上網(wǎng)電價(jià)長(zhǎng)期被低估,使得具有正外部成本的風(fēng)電上網(wǎng)電價(jià)缺乏合理的成本補(bǔ)償。其次,建立成本—利潤(rùn)模型并結(jié)合現(xiàn)行排污收費(fèi)制度。將火電企業(yè)排放的污染物環(huán)境價(jià)值進(jìn)行了量化,并隨煤價(jià)和上網(wǎng)電量變動(dòng),得出了外部成本內(nèi)置化的火電企業(yè)綜合發(fā)電成本。再次,借鑒投資—成本模型,運(yùn)用成本收益的方法,以江蘇如東風(fēng)電場(chǎng)二期工程為例,得出具有合理收益、合理成本補(bǔ)償?shù)娘L(fēng)力發(fā)電上網(wǎng)電價(jià)。最后,基于環(huán)境保護(hù)、促進(jìn)可再生能源發(fā)展的原則,論文構(gòu)建了一個(gè)合理上網(wǎng)電價(jià)定價(jià)機(jī)制的理論框架。以外部成本內(nèi)置模型為核心,進(jìn)行了算例分析,得到了可行性驗(yàn)證,具有重要的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)際意義。 本文對(duì)于研究中國(guó)電力體制改革中電價(jià)制定和促進(jìn)可再生能源的發(fā)展具有一定的參考意義。
[Abstract]:In the process of rapid development of power industry in China, energy and environment problems appear gradually, which restricts the further development of power industry. In view of the low energy efficiency, high energy consumption and serious pollution in the production and consumption of electric power industry, price is the most effective regulation mechanism. The environmental external cost generated in the process of generating electricity is brought into the pricing mechanism of electricity price in our country, and the basic function of the market mechanism is brought into full play, and the environmental pollution is reduced by using price as an effective way to regulate the allocation of resources. Realize the sustainable development of electric power industry in our country. Due to space limitation, this paper analyzes only two power sources, thermal power and wind power, which have typical environmental external cost. Firstly, this paper reviews the current situation of the research on the externality of power industry at home and abroad. It is pointed out that the external cost of thermal power generation not only leads to environmental pollution and excess profits of power generation enterprises, but also hinders the development of other clean energy sources such as wind energy. The electricity price of thermal power enterprises with negative external cost has been underestimated for a long time, which makes the price of wind power with positive external cost lack of reasonable cost compensation. Secondly, the cost-profit model is established and combined with the current sewage charging system. The environmental value of pollutants emitted by thermal power enterprises is quantified, and with the change of coal price and electricity quantity on the Internet, the integrated power generation cost of thermal power enterprises with built-in external cost is obtained. Thirdly, by using the investment-cost model and cost-benefit method, taking the second phase project of Rudong wind farm in Jiangsu as an example, the electricity price of wind power generation with reasonable income and reasonable cost compensation is obtained. Finally, based on the principle of environmental protection and promoting the development of renewable energy, the paper constructs a theoretical framework of reasonable pricing mechanism. Taking the external cost built-in model as the core, the example analysis is carried out, and the feasibility is verified, which has important theoretical value and practical significance. This paper has a certain reference significance for the study of electricity pricing and promoting the development of renewable energy in the electric power system reform in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61

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