本文選題：天然氣 + 價格改革　； 參考：《重慶大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來天然氣在國內(nèi)的普及程度越來越高，由于天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)存在固有的固定成本沉淀、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟、范圍經(jīng)濟等特性，因此國內(nèi)主要采用以成本加成法為主要的定價方式，以保證廠商的合理利潤，并避免其獲得壟斷高價。然而，隨著國內(nèi)天然氣市場的擴大，現(xiàn)有的定價機制開始出現(xiàn)諸多問題。2011年12月，國家發(fā)改委提出，在廣東和廣西兩省開展天然氣價格改革試點，主要實行以市場凈回值法定價，這一方案的提出引起了國內(nèi)關(guān)于天然氣價格改革的廣泛關(guān)注和討論。本文通過研究國內(nèi)天然氣市場的定價機制，探索市場凈回值法在我國天然氣市場中的運用，以期對國內(nèi)天然氣市場的定價問題有更深入的認識。 本文的研究將定性分析和定量分析相結(jié)合，首先對國內(nèi)天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進行分析，包括國內(nèi)天然氣消費、國內(nèi)天然氣資源開采、國外天然氣資源引進和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等多個方面的研究。再次，在疏理國內(nèi)外天然氣定價方法的基礎(chǔ)上，對國內(nèi)天然氣價格現(xiàn)狀進行分析，包括國內(nèi)天然氣價格的形成機制、與替代能源價格的比較、與世界各國天然氣價格的比較和國內(nèi)受管制的天然氣價格對需求的影響等方面的分析。隨后，探索不同定價方式對天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響，分別用成本加成法和市場凈回值法對以進口天然氣為主的廣東天然氣市場進行定量的社會福利分析，并進一步區(qū)分天然氣來源，對全國天然氣市場進行社會福利分析。 本文的研究表明：（1）國內(nèi)天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)正經(jīng)歷飛速的發(fā)展，供需結(jié)構(gòu)更加復雜化、多元化，從國內(nèi)天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和價格現(xiàn)狀來看，完全以成本加成法定價已經(jīng)不適合國內(nèi)天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，也不利于和國際接軌，，亟需引入新的定價機制；（2）以使用進口氣為主的廣東的實際情況來看，相較于成本加成法，以市場凈回值法定價會使總福利減少，其中消費者和天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的中下游的福利會增加，而上游會損失較多福利；（3）以同時使用國產(chǎn)氣和進口氣的全國的實際情況來看，如果完全以市場凈回值法定價，會使國內(nèi)天然氣需求減少，社會總福利減少，其中消費者損失較多福利，而上游廠商增加部分福利。 最后，針對國內(nèi)的現(xiàn)實情況，從合理地確定天然氣的價格和建立相關(guān)保障制度等方面提出政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the popularity of natural gas in China has become more and more high. Because of the inherent fixed cost precipitation, economies of scale, scope economy and other characteristics of the natural gas industry, the main pricing methods in China are cost addition method. In order to ensure reasonable profits of the manufacturer and avoid their monopoly high prices. However, with the expansion of the domestic natural gas market, there are many problems in the existing pricing mechanism. In December 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission proposed to carry out pilot gas price reform in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. The method of market net return value is used to price the natural gas, which has aroused widespread concern and discussion in China about the reform of natural gas price. By studying the pricing mechanism of domestic natural gas market, this paper explores the application of net return value method in China's natural gas market in order to have a deeper understanding of the pricing problem of domestic natural gas market. In this paper, the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are combined. Firstly, the development status of domestic natural gas industry is analyzed, including domestic natural gas consumption, domestic natural gas resource exploitation. The introduction of foreign natural gas resources and infrastructure construction and other aspects of research. Thirdly, on the basis of domestic and foreign natural gas pricing methods, this paper analyzes the current situation of domestic natural gas price, including the formation mechanism of domestic natural gas price, and the comparison between domestic natural gas price and alternative energy price. The comparison of natural gas price with other countries and the influence of domestic regulated natural gas price on demand are analyzed. Then, the paper explores the influence of different pricing methods on natural gas industry, respectively, using cost addition method and market net return value method to analyze the social welfare of Guangdong natural gas market, which is dominated by imported natural gas, and to further distinguish the natural gas sources. Social welfare analysis of the national natural gas market. The research in this paper shows that the domestic natural gas industry is experiencing rapid development, the structure of supply and demand is more complicated and diversified. From the point of view of the current situation of development and price of domestic natural gas industry, Cost addition pricing is not suitable for the development of domestic natural gas industry, nor is it conducive to international integration. It is urgent to introduce a new pricing mechanism in Guangdong Province, where imported gas is mainly used. Compared with the cost addition method, it is necessary to introduce a new pricing mechanism. Pricing with the market net return method will reduce the total welfare, in which the welfare of consumers and the middle and lower reaches of the natural gas industry chain will increase, while the upstream will lose more benefits.) in the light of the actual situation of the whole country that uses both domestic and imported gas at the same time, If the net return value method is completely used, the domestic natural gas demand will be reduced, and the total social welfare will be reduced, in which consumers will lose more welfare, while upstream manufacturers will increase some benefits. Finally, according to the actual situation in China, some policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of determining the price of natural gas reasonably and establishing the relevant safeguard system.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.22

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