發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-24 16:21

  本文選題：中國(guó) + 乳業(yè)　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：乳業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r已經(jīng)成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)達(dá)程度和食品消費(fèi)的現(xiàn)代化水平的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由于乳業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)涉及面極廣，向上有源頭產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)，向下涉及到生產(chǎn)銷售、包裝、運(yùn)輸業(yè)和金融業(yè)。所以乳業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大，不僅可以促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)的生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級(jí)，提高農(nóng)民的收入，還可以連帶食品包裝業(yè)和交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，所以在各個(gè)國(guó)家的受重視程度越來(lái)越大。在我國(guó)，為了宣傳乳制品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，合理改善膳食結(jié)構(gòu)，提高國(guó)民的身體素質(zhì)，曾推出多項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，讓人們認(rèn)識(shí)到乳業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要性。例如“學(xué)生奶計(jì)劃”、“每天一斤奶，強(qiáng)壯中國(guó)人”等。 從20世紀(jì)進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),我國(guó)乳業(yè)隨著時(shí)代的變遷有了翻天覆地的變化。乳制品產(chǎn)量由20世紀(jì)末年的200萬(wàn)噸左右增長(zhǎng)到現(xiàn)在的3800萬(wàn)噸左右，躋身于世界乳業(yè)大國(guó)行列。盡管乳制品總產(chǎn)量居于世界前列，但是我國(guó)的人均占有量卻遠(yuǎn)落后于世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人均占有量，消費(fèi)品類也十分單一。并且國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)村居民的人均消費(fèi)量跟城鎮(zhèn)居民的人均消費(fèi)相比差距懸殊。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化和我國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織，國(guó)外乳業(yè)紛紛進(jìn)駐中國(guó)，搶占中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2010年，我國(guó)奶粉進(jìn)口量為43萬(wàn)噸，2011年達(dá)到了50萬(wàn)噸，2012年就激增到了67萬(wàn)噸。就目前的國(guó)內(nèi)奶粉市場(chǎng)，國(guó)外奶粉品牌占去市場(chǎng)的一半左右，在高端市場(chǎng)上甚至超過(guò)了70%的占有量。特別是在嬰幼兒奶粉市場(chǎng)，我國(guó)市場(chǎng)上幾乎全部的需求都要用進(jìn)口奶粉，而且近些年我國(guó)乳業(yè)頻發(fā)的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題也引人擔(dān)憂，我國(guó)乳企的未來(lái)將面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。 本文就是在這樣的大背景下來(lái)研究我國(guó)乳業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。雖然我國(guó)已經(jīng)邁入乳業(yè)大國(guó)行列，但是乳業(yè)真正的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不能盲目的用總量來(lái)衡量，要認(rèn)識(shí)清楚我國(guó)乳業(yè)還只是做大，并未做強(qiáng)。首先本文從寫作背景、選題的意義、創(chuàng)新之處和不足，以及國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的研究現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，對(duì)本文做了簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明。既然是對(duì)我國(guó)乳業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的研究，那就離不開(kāi)一定的理論基礎(chǔ)，在此主要介紹了研究競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的主流理論李嘉圖的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論和波特的“鉆石模型”，其中主要是“鉆石模型”的分析,介紹了模型中六中影響產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的因素,為后文的研究?jī)?nèi)容作鋪墊。有了理論的支撐就要了解我國(guó)乳業(yè)現(xiàn)在所處的階段即發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，其中包括我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段的乳制品生產(chǎn)狀況、消費(fèi)狀況和乳企的全國(guó)區(qū)域分布狀況。表明了我國(guó)乳制品生產(chǎn)總量雖大，但人均占有量偏小并且城鄉(xiāng)居民消費(fèi)量差距較大的現(xiàn)狀。就分布狀況來(lái)說(shuō)，我國(guó)乳業(yè)生產(chǎn)分為五大產(chǎn)區(qū)：大城市產(chǎn)區(qū)、東北產(chǎn)區(qū)、華北產(chǎn)區(qū)、西北產(chǎn)區(qū)和南方產(chǎn)區(qū)等并且分析了五大產(chǎn)區(qū)各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。最后結(jié)合我國(guó)近些年的乳制品進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)，分析得出我國(guó)在乳制品貿(mào)易方面存在著嚴(yán)重的逆差現(xiàn)象。在此基礎(chǔ)上就是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力指標(biāo)的測(cè)算。本文通過(guò)今年數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)算了我國(guó)乳制品的市場(chǎng)占有率、貿(mào)易專業(yè)化系數(shù)、顯示性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)，分析得出我國(guó)乳制品國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率低和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)不明顯的特點(diǎn)。有了數(shù)據(jù)的證實(shí)，那么就要究其原因。通過(guò)對(duì)“鉆石模型”的分析，找出影響我國(guó)乳業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的主要因素，，其中包括產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素、國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求、相關(guān)和支持產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展、企業(yè)的發(fā)展策略和結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)遇以及政府等。最后根據(jù)這些原因給出解決的對(duì)策。這其中主要是分兩個(gè)方面來(lái)討論，企業(yè)自身和政府。從企業(yè)自身角度來(lái)看，我國(guó)乳企應(yīng)該做到大型牧場(chǎng)和奶源基地的建設(shè)、培養(yǎng)和儲(chǔ)備具有先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)的復(fù)合型人才、轉(zhuǎn)變企業(yè)發(fā)展模式，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)等等。而從政府角度來(lái)講，我國(guó)政府應(yīng)該做到進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，例如增加居民收入水平、增加城鎮(zhèn)化率和合理引導(dǎo)人們的膳食習(xí)慣等；給予稅收上的優(yōu)惠和政策性貸款等方面的支持；完善乳制品奶源、生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸、銷售各環(huán)節(jié)的質(zhì)量監(jiān)督體系，讓老百姓消費(fèi)到放心的乳制品。 本文在寫作過(guò)程中運(yùn)用定性分析和定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，研究我國(guó)乳業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力情況。在定量分析中，盡量運(yùn)用我國(guó)近幾年數(shù)據(jù)和資料，讓分析更具有時(shí)效性和說(shuō)服力。
[Abstract]:The development of dairy industry has become an important standard to measure the level of development of a country and the level of the modernization of food consumption. As the industry of dairy industry involves a wide range of industries, it has a source of industrial agriculture and animal husbandry, which is down to the production, sale, packing, transportation and financial industry. So the development of dairy industry can not only promote the agriculture. The production structure of the industry and animal husbandry is constantly upgrading, raising the income of the farmers, and the rapid development of the food packaging industry and the transportation and transportation industry. So it is becoming more and more important in all countries. In our country, in order to promote the nutritional value of dairy products, improve the structure of food and food and improve the physical quality of the people, a number of plans have been introduced. To make people realize the importance of the development of dairy industry, such as the "student milk program", "one kilogram of milk every day, strong Chinese" and so on.
From twentieth Century to twenty-first Century, China's dairy industry has changed dramatically with the changes of the times. The production of dairy products has grown from about 2 million tons in the last year of twentieth Century to about 38 million tons, which is among the world's largest dairy industry. Although the total production of dairy products is in the forefront of the world, the per capita share of our country is far behind the world. The per capita consumption of the developed countries is also very simple. And the gap between the per capita consumption of rural residents and the per capita consumption of urban residents is very different. With the economic integration and China's accession to the world trade organization, the foreign dairy industry has been stationed in China to seize the Chinese market, according to the data series of the United Nations trade database. In 2010, the import of milk powder in China was 430 thousand tons, 500 thousand tons in 2011, and up to 670 thousand tons in 2012. In the current domestic milk powder market, the foreign milk powder brand accounted for about half of the market and even more than 70% in the high-end market. In particular, in the infant milk market, almost all the demand in the market of our country. We all need imported milk powder, and in recent years, the frequent quality problems in China's dairy industry are also worrying. The future of China's dairy enterprises will face enormous challenges.
This article is to study the international competitiveness of China's dairy industry in such a background. Although China has entered the ranks of the large country of dairy industry, the real competitiveness of the dairy industry can not be measured blindly by the total amount. It is necessary to know that China's dairy industry is still a big and not strong. This paper makes a brief explanation of the present situation of international competitiveness at home and abroad. Since it is the research on the competitiveness of China's dairy industry, it is inseparable from a certain theoretical basis, and the main theory of the mainstream of research competitiveness, Ricardo's comparative advantage theory and Potter's "Diamond Model", is mainly introduced. It is an analysis of the "Diamond Model". It introduces the factors that affect the international competitiveness of the industry in six of the model and paves the way for the research content of the latter. It shows that the total amount of dairy production in China is large, but the per capita occupancy is small and the consumption gap between urban and rural residents is large. In terms of distribution, China's dairy production is divided into five major production areas: large cities, northeast, North China, north-west and southern producing areas, and analyses the advantages of the five major production areas. Finally, according to the data of China's dairy products import and export in recent years, it is concluded that there is a serious deficit phenomenon in China's dairy trade. On this basis, it is the calculation of the competitiveness index. This paper estimates the market share of dairy products in China, trade specialization coefficient and display comparative advantage through this year's data. By analyzing the "Diamond Model", we find out the main factors that affect the competitiveness of China's dairy industry, including industrial production factors, domestic market demand, related and supporting industries. Development, enterprise development strategy and structure, opportunities and government, etc. Finally, according to these reasons give solutions. This is mainly divided into two aspects to discuss, the enterprise itself and the government. From the point of view of the enterprise itself, China's dairy enterprises should build large pastures and milk sources, cultivate and reserve advanced technology and technology. In terms of the government's point of view, our government should further expand domestic demand, such as increasing the income level of the residents, increasing the rate of urbanization and reasonable guiding people's dietary habits, and giving preferential tax and policy loans, and so on. Support; improve the quality supervision system of dairy products, milk production, transportation, and sales, so that ordinary people can be consumed with reassuring dairy products.
In the process of writing, this paper uses qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to study the international competitiveness of China's dairy industry. In the quantitative analysis, we try to use the data and data in recent years to make the analysis more effective and persuasive.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.82

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