本文選題：食品安全　切入點(diǎn)：監(jiān)管　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：食品安全監(jiān)管中的政府作為義務(wù)是一國(guó)食品安全體系中的一項(xiàng)重要問題,也是保障食品安全的關(guān)鍵所在,政府作為義務(wù)落實(shí)的好可以使食品安全體系有序運(yùn)行,而政府作為義務(wù)落實(shí)的不好則會(huì)導(dǎo)致不利后果的產(chǎn)生。由于食品市場(chǎng)中信息不對(duì)稱的存在,市場(chǎng)失靈成為了一種常態(tài),政府需要去彌補(bǔ)這一市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的缺陷。再加上食品是典型的公共物品,做好食品安全監(jiān)管工作是政府作為公共物品提供者義不容辭的責(zé)任。此外,食品安全涉及種植養(yǎng)殖、生產(chǎn)、加工、儲(chǔ)藏、市場(chǎng)流通和餐飲消費(fèi)等多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),食品中不安全因素存在于食品行業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié),保障食品安全是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,只有政府調(diào)動(dòng)一切社會(huì)力量參與到食品安全治理中才能有效防范食品安全問題的出現(xiàn)。 然而,從這些年對(duì)食品安全的監(jiān)管實(shí)踐來看,政府作為義務(wù)的落實(shí)效果并不理想,這主要體現(xiàn)在：第一,食品安全法規(guī)缺乏完整性與協(xié)調(diào)性,產(chǎn)生了食品安全管理上的的缺位和錯(cuò)位。第二,食品安全監(jiān)管部門職能重疊和職能脫節(jié),導(dǎo)致了食品安全監(jiān)管上的重復(fù)和漏洞。第三,食品安全檢測(cè)技術(shù)落后,檢測(cè)水平不高,制約了食品安全的有效監(jiān)管。第四,食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)脫軌,導(dǎo)致食品安全的有效監(jiān)管出現(xiàn)問題。第五,食品安全預(yù)警體系、追溯體系和召回體系不健全,致使食品安全問題的事前預(yù)防和事后妥善處理工作難以順利進(jìn)行。第六,缺乏市場(chǎng)誠(chéng)信機(jī)制和公眾參與機(jī)制,政府監(jiān)管責(zé)任過重,也阻礙了監(jiān)管效率的提高。上述問題的存在導(dǎo)致食品安全政府監(jiān)管失靈,也使得惡性食品安全事件的相繼出現(xiàn),還會(huì)引發(fā)國(guó)民對(duì)政府執(zhí)政能力的質(zhì)疑。 本文一開始探討了食品安全監(jiān)管中政府作為義務(wù)的基本理論,包括食品安全與食品安全監(jiān)管的概念、政府作為義務(wù)的內(nèi)涵與體系,還有用以論證食品安全政府作為義務(wù)必要性的公共物品、市場(chǎng)失靈和政府失靈這三個(gè)理論依據(jù)。其后根據(jù)我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管中所存在的食品安全法規(guī)不健全、食品安全監(jiān)管部門職能混亂、食品安全檢測(cè)水平低、食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)需求、食品安全的事前預(yù)防和事后妥善處理機(jī)制不健全、市場(chǎng)誠(chéng)信機(jī)制和公眾參與監(jiān)管機(jī)制缺失的問題,提出了我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管中政府的作為義務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)包括：第一,明確食品安全法規(guī)在食品安全監(jiān)管中的重要性,遵循預(yù)防為主、全過程管理、監(jiān)管透明等原則,制定一個(gè)層次分明、內(nèi)容完備的食品安全法規(guī)體系。第二,完善食品安全監(jiān)管體系。首先,改變多頭化的食品安全監(jiān)管模式,借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的監(jiān)管體制,集中整合食品安全監(jiān)管職能。其次,加強(qiáng)食品安全檢測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)能力建設(shè)、推動(dòng)食品從業(yè)者自主進(jìn)行檢測(cè)、對(duì)食品鏈的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)檢測(cè)。再次,健全食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理體系,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定要以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估為原則,還要做到與國(guó)際接軌。此外,健全食品安全預(yù)警機(jī)制、追溯機(jī)制和召回機(jī)制。第三、政府不僅要引導(dǎo)企業(yè)進(jìn)行食品行業(yè)內(nèi)部誠(chéng)信建設(shè)、加強(qiáng)與企業(yè)之間的交流,還要完善食品安全的信息公開制度和消費(fèi)者維權(quán)機(jī)制,讓企業(yè)和大眾共同參與到食品安全的治理中來。
[Abstract]:The food safety supervision of the government as the obligation is an important issue of food safety system of a country, and it is also the key to ensure food safety, the government as the compulsory implementation of good can make the food safety system and orderly operation, the implementation of the government obligation will not lead to adverse consequences. Because of the information asymmetry in food in the market, market failure has become a norm, the government needs to make up for the defects of market mechanism. Plus food is a typical public goods, good food safety supervision and administration of the government as the provider of public goods duty. In addition, the food safety relates to plant breeding, production, processing and storage. Market circulation and consumption of food and other aspects of food safety in all aspects of factors exist in the food industry chain, food safety is a complex systems engineering, only political The emergence of food safety problems can be effectively prevented by mobilizing all social forces to participate in food safety management.
However, from the practice of regulation and supervision on food safety, the government as the obligation to ensure the effect is not ideal, which is mainly reflected in: first, food safety regulations and lack of integrity and coordination, the absence and dislocation of the food safety management. Second, food safety regulatory functions overlap and function of touch, cause the food safety supervision on duplication and vulnerability. Third, food safety inspection technology is backward, the detection level is not high, restricting the effective supervision of food safety. In fourth, the derailment of food safety standards and international standards, resulting in the effective supervision of food safety problems. Fifth, early warning system of food safety, traceability system and recall system is not perfect the problem of food safety, prevention and treatment work properly after less smoothly. Sixth, the lack of integrity of the market mechanism and public participation mechanism, the responsibility of government regulation Too much weight has also hindered the improvement of regulatory efficiency. The existence of these problems has led to the failure of government regulation of food safety, and also led to successive emergence of malignant food safety incidents, and also raised questions about the ability of the government to govern the government.
This paper first discusses the government food safety supervision as the basic theory of obligations, including the concept of food safety and food safety supervision system, and the government as the obligations of the connotation, and to demonstrate the necessity of government food safety as the duty of public goods, market failure and government failure of the three theoretical basis. Then according to the the presence of food safety supervision in China's food safety laws and regulations are not perfect, the food safety regulatory functions of chaos, detection of the level of food safety, food safety standards do not meet the practical requirements, prevention of food safety and afterwards properly handle mechanism is not perfect, the lack of regulatory mechanisms involved in the integrity of the market mechanism and public issues, the government proposed to food safety supervision in China as the obligations should include: first, clear food safety regulations in food safety supervision according to the importance of prevention Mainly, the whole process of management, regulatory transparency principle, make a clear level, food safety laws and regulations complete content. Second, improve food safety supervision system. Firstly, the change of food safety supervision mode of long, developed from the supervision system, focus on the integration of food safety regulatory functions. Secondly, strengthen the ability of food safety the detection mechanism construction, to promote food practitioners independent testing, for testing every aspect of the food chain. Thirdly, improve the system of food safety management standards, standards should be based on risk assessment principles, but also to do with international standards. In addition, improve the food safety warning mechanism, traceability system and recall mechanism. Third, the government not only to guide enterprises to carry out the internal integrity of the food industry, strengthen exchanges and enterprise, but also improve the food safety information disclosure system and the consumer rights protection mechanism, Let the enterprises and the public participate in the food safety management together.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F203;F426.82;D630

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