本文選題：光伏發(fā)電　切入點(diǎn)：DX光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在人類(lèi)文明史中的每一步前進(jìn)，都是和能源的使用緊密相連的。目前，世界能源形式緊迫，在世界10大焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，如能源、水、環(huán)境、恐怖主義和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病、教育等中位居首位。因此，現(xiàn)階段全世界的能源建設(shè)中，我們應(yīng)該遵循的原則是：盡可能的節(jié)約能源，有效的提高能源的利用率，逐漸停止使用含碳量高的礦物、化石燃料，而改用潔凈能源。 我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)目前正處在高速增長(zhǎng)的狀態(tài)，如何協(xié)調(diào)好經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)系，是擺在國(guó)人面前的一個(gè)難題。調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)，逐步減少二氧化碳等溫室氣體的排放，緩解對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，已經(jīng)刻不容緩，清潔的新能源和可再生能源的應(yīng)用得到了飛速的發(fā)展。中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)表示要“積極發(fā)展風(fēng)能，太陽(yáng)能，地?zé)崮艿刃履茉春涂稍偕茉础�，并�?006年1月1日正式頒布施行了《中華人民共和國(guó)可再生能源法》，明確指出“國(guó)家將可再生能源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用列為能源發(fā)展的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域，通過(guò)制定可再生能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用總量目標(biāo)和采取相應(yīng)措施，推動(dòng)可再生能源市場(chǎng)的建立和發(fā)展。國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)和支持可再生能源并網(wǎng)發(fā)電”。 在可再生資源中，太陽(yáng)能是最容易被人類(lèi)所獲得的，且清潔、無(wú)污染。太陽(yáng)能利用的主要形式是光伏發(fā)電，與其它可再生能源相比，光伏發(fā)電具有技術(shù)成熟、可規(guī)模化開(kāi)發(fā)、環(huán)境效益好等優(yōu)勢(shì)，正在被我國(guó)政府所大力扶持和提倡，已成為可再生能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用的一大亮點(diǎn)。越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到，光伏發(fā)電的發(fā)展是社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要。 我國(guó)的光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)相比國(guó)外先進(jìn)國(guó)家雖起步較晚，但近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速，發(fā)展前景良好，作為一門(mén)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，尤其是現(xiàn)階段滿足條件的工程又可享受到國(guó)家政府的各種補(bǔ)貼，光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)吸引了越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)逐步地參與其中。但是，與德國(guó)、美國(guó)等先進(jìn)的歐洲國(guó)家的光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)相比，我國(guó)光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的成本偏高很多，嚴(yán)重阻礙了我國(guó)光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。 目前國(guó)際光伏發(fā)電市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈，而在我國(guó)，由于技術(shù)掌握的欠缺，材料、人工成本的不斷增長(zhǎng)，我國(guó)光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的成本普遍偏高很多，使光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)難以普及，與此同時(shí)，由于對(duì)影響光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目投資效益的主要因素認(rèn)識(shí)不足，導(dǎo)致對(duì)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目的投資效益分析不夠深刻，這些不利因素已嚴(yán)重阻礙了我國(guó)光伏發(fā)電的快速發(fā)展。在這種情況下，如何準(zhǔn)確地分析光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的成本影響因素，在項(xiàng)目初期進(jìn)行有效的項(xiàng)目投資效益分析，為企業(yè)帶來(lái)更大的利潤(rùn)，提高光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益，已經(jīng)成為決定光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)在市場(chǎng)上是否具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的關(guān)鍵，對(duì)光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的發(fā)展具有非常重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文首先介紹了項(xiàng)目投資效益分析的重要性，分析了光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的成本構(gòu)成及影響因素，然后以DX光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目為例，研究了光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目在實(shí)際工程中的初始階段如何進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目投資效益分析、及時(shí)糾偏，為光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)賺取更大的利潤(rùn)。 光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)作為一項(xiàng)高新技術(shù)工程項(xiàng)目，對(duì)其成本的研究應(yīng)該貫穿于工程項(xiàng)目的始終，從投標(biāo)階段、施工準(zhǔn)備階段到施工階段、驗(yàn)收結(jié)算階段，每一階段都進(jìn)行有效的成本控制。本文以某一具體工程的項(xiàng)目投資效益分析為例，詳細(xì)論述了該企業(yè)是如何有效地確定了工程的成本目標(biāo)，制定科學(xué)合理的投資效益分析，并以此為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行成本控制。從而論證了光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)應(yīng)注重將可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和合理的技術(shù)相結(jié)合，提高成本的可控性，使企業(yè)獲得最大的利潤(rùn)，提升企業(yè)的社會(huì)地位。 本文認(rèn)為，光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)不應(yīng)一味的、片面的追求節(jié)約，而是應(yīng)該突出成本——效益最大化，著眼于未來(lái)，從企業(yè)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益出發(fā)，制定科學(xué)合理的、具有可行性的計(jì)劃，加以有效的監(jiān)督實(shí)施，，才能使企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)性發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Every step forward in the history of human civilization, is closely connected with the use of energy. At present, the world energy form in urgency, focus, 10 of the world such as energy, water, environment, terrorism and war, disease, education in the first place. Therefore, at this stage of the world's energy construction. We should follow the principles: to save energy as much as possible, effective improve utilization rate of energy and gradually stop using the high carbon content of minerals, fossil fuels, and the use of clean energy.
China's economy is currently in a state of rapid growth, how to coordinate the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection, is a difficult problem in front of the Chinese people. The adjustment of energy structure, gradually reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, alleviate the pollution of the environment, has no time to delay the application of new energy and clean. Renewable energy has been rapid development. China government has pledged to actively develop wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and other new energy and renewable energy ", and promulgated the" renewable energy law "in People's Republic of China officially in January 1, 2006, clearly pointed out that" the country will be the development and utilization of renewable energy as priority areas of energy development. Through the development of renewable energy development and utilization of the total target and take corresponding measures to promote the establishment and development of the renewable energy market. The State encourages and supports renewable energy Grid connected power generation.
In renewable resources, solar energy is most easily achieved by man, and clean and no pollution. The main form of utilization of solar energy is photovoltaic power generation, compared with other renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation technology is mature, can be developed on a large scale, good environmental benefits and other advantages, is our country government strongly supported and advocated. Has become a major highlight of the development and utilization of renewable energy. More and more people realize that the development of photovoltaic power generation is the needs of social development.
Photovoltaic power generation industry in our country compared with foreign advanced countries although started late, but in recent years the rapid development and good prospects for development, as an emerging industry, especially enjoy a variety of subsidies and the national government at this stage to meet the conditions of the photovoltaic power generation project, industry has attracted more and more enterprises gradually involved. However, compared with Germany, photovoltaic power generation enterprises advanced European countries such as the United States, photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China's high cost a lot, seriously hindered the rapid development of photovoltaic industry in China.
At present, the international PV market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, but in China, due to the lack of technology, master the material, rising labor costs, the cost of photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China is generally high, the photovoltaic industry is difficult to spread, at the same time, the main factors of affecting the photovoltaic power generation project investment benefit of lack of knowledge, due to the photovoltaic power project investment benefit analysis is not deep enough, these adverse factors have seriously hindered the rapid development of China's photovoltaic power generation. In this case, how to accurately analyze the factors affecting the cost of photovoltaic power generation industry, analyze the investment benefits of effective project early in the project, bring more profits for the enterprise, to improve the photovoltaic power generation enterprise's economic benefit and social benefit, has become the key to decide whether the photovoltaic power generation enterprise has competition ability in the market, for photovoltaic power generation The development of enterprises has very important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper first introduces the importance of the project investment benefit analysis, analysis of the current development of photovoltaic power generation enterprises, and the factors affecting the photovoltaic power generation enterprise cost, and then to DX photovoltaic power generation project as an example, how to analyze the project investment benefit of the initial stage of photovoltaic power generation projects in the actual project timely correction, earn more the profit for the photovoltaic power generation enterprises.
Photovoltaic power generation industry as a high-tech project, study on the cost should be throughout the project from beginning to end, from the tender stage, construction stage to the stage of construction, acceptance and settlement stage, can effectively control the cost of each stage. This paper analysis a specific engineering project investment benefit as an example. The enterprise is how to effectively determine the cost of the project objectives, formulate scientific and rational analysis of investment benefit, and based on the project cost control. To demonstrate the photovoltaic power generation enterprises should pay attention to the considerable economic benefit and reasonable combination of technology, improve the controllability of the cost, causes the enterprise to obtain the maximum the profit, improve the social status of the enterprise.
This paper argues that the photovoltaic power generation enterprises should not blindly, one-sided pursuit of saving, but should highlight the cost - benefit maximization, focus on the future, starting from the long-term interests of enterprises, establish scientific and reasonable and feasible plan, effective supervision, to enable enterprises to achieve sustainable development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.61;F275

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本文編號(hào)：1653831