本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中美貿(mào)易摩擦 光伏產(chǎn)品 反傾銷反補(bǔ)貼 案例分析　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)是全球性的新興產(chǎn)業(yè),具有巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?并且是維護(hù)國(guó)家能源安全的重要組成部分,越來越受到各國(guó)的重視。中國(guó)和美國(guó)都將光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展視為經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的重要推動(dòng)力,將光伏發(fā)電納入未來能源戰(zhàn)略,制定各項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼政策推動(dòng)光伏業(yè)的發(fā)展,謀求占領(lǐng)全球市場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)略制高點(diǎn)的地位。 中美兩國(guó)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的自由貿(mào)易,提高了資源配置有效性,對(duì)促進(jìn)兩國(guó)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展具有不可忽視的作用。繼歐洲之后,中國(guó)、美國(guó)等國(guó)的光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)在國(guó)家政策大力扶持下,也取得了高速發(fā)展。然而,自2010年開始的全球范圍內(nèi)光伏電池和組件價(jià)格暴跌,光伏制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇。美國(guó)許多大型光伏電池生產(chǎn)商因承受不住市場(chǎng)壓力,面臨減產(chǎn)甚至是倒閉的危險(xiǎn)。他們將原因歸咎于中國(guó)廠商的過度競(jìng)爭(zhēng),壓低了市場(chǎng)價(jià)格,使得美國(guó)生產(chǎn)商利潤(rùn)驟減,無力維持經(jīng)營(yíng)。2011年10月19日,美國(guó)SolarWorld以及其他6家太陽能公司以中國(guó)企業(yè)向美國(guó)低價(jià)傾銷光伏產(chǎn)品以及中國(guó)政府存在非法補(bǔ)貼為由,向美國(guó)政府聯(lián)合申訴,要求商務(wù)部和國(guó)際貿(mào)易委員會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)輸美光伏產(chǎn)品征收高額反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼稅。美國(guó)政府首次啟動(dòng)對(duì)中國(guó)光伏產(chǎn)品的“雙反”調(diào)查,并最終裁定對(duì)中國(guó)輸美晶體硅電池和組件征收高額“雙反”關(guān)稅。 基于以上背景,本文將美國(guó)首次對(duì)華光伏產(chǎn)品反傾銷反補(bǔ)貼為研究對(duì)象,從中國(guó)和美國(guó)兩個(gè)角度,重點(diǎn)分析案例發(fā)生的原因和影響。本文從利益相關(guān)者的角度探究本案發(fā)生的原因,透視貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的影響,并結(jié)合中國(guó)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,針對(duì)性地提出建議。本文對(duì)光伏“雙反”案的詳細(xì)分析具有重要研究意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值,有利于把握中美光伏貿(mào)易的的走向,改善光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的外貿(mào)環(huán)境,促進(jìn)中國(guó)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。 本文首先簡(jiǎn)要概述案件發(fā)生時(shí)全球光伏市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,并著重對(duì)中美兩國(guó)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展情況以及補(bǔ)貼政策進(jìn)行介紹。在回顧本案的始末后,本文創(chuàng)新性地將本案中兩國(guó)各個(gè)利益相關(guān)者的利益分歧作為切入點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上全面地將政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素納入分析框架,從中國(guó)和美國(guó)兩個(gè)角度提出本案發(fā)生的根本原因。本文認(rèn)為,利益集團(tuán)影響貿(mào)易政策的制定和對(duì)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的貿(mào)易保護(hù)使美國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)了本次貿(mào)易調(diào)查；中國(guó)光伏市場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)能過剩為美方提供了借口。雖然此次貿(mào)易摩擦阻礙了中國(guó)光伏企業(yè)擴(kuò)大海外銷售市場(chǎng)的步伐,加重產(chǎn)能過剩問題,但是也為中國(guó)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)今后的健康發(fā)展敲響了警鐘,有利于改善產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持政策。最后通過對(duì)本案的認(rèn)識(shí),結(jié)合我國(guó)光伏市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展特點(diǎn),本文從短期和長(zhǎng)期兩個(gè)層面,對(duì)光伏行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)和企業(yè)今后如何更好地應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易摩擦提出建議。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic industry is a global emerging industry, with great potential for development, and is an important part of maintaining national energy security. China and the United States both regard the development of the photovoltaic industry as an important driving force for economic transformation, incorporate photovoltaic power generation into the future energy strategy, and formulate various subsidy policies to promote the development of the photovoltaic industry. Seek to occupy the global market strategic commanding position. The free trade of the photovoltaic industry between China and the United States enhances the efficiency of resource allocation and plays an important role in promoting the development of the photovoltaic industry in both countries. After Europe, the photovoltaic industry of China, the United States and other countries has been vigorously supported by national policies. However, since 2010, the global price of photovoltaic cells and modules has plummeted, and competition in the photovoltaic industry has intensified. Many large U.S. photovoltaic cell manufacturers have been unable to withstand market pressure. At risk of cutting production or even failing. They blame excessive competition from Chinese manufacturers, which has pushed down market prices, causing U.S. producers to tumble in profits and be unable to sustain their operations. The US SolarWorld and six other solar companies have filed a joint complaint with the US government on the grounds that Chinese companies dump photovoltaic products at low prices in the United States and that the Chinese government has illegal subsidies. The Ministry of Commerce and the International Trade Commission are required to impose high anti-dumping and countervailing duties on photovoltaic products imported from China. And the final ruling on Chinese crystal silicon batteries and components imposed high "double-counter" tariffs. Based on the above background, this paper takes the first antidumping and countervailing of photovoltaic products by the United States as the research object, from the perspectives of China and the United States. This paper explores the causes of the case from the perspective of stakeholders, perspective the impact of trade protectionism, and combines the current situation of photovoltaic industry development in China. It is of great significance and practical value to make a detailed analysis of the photovoltaic "double reaction" case, which is helpful to grasp the trend of Sino-US photovoltaic trade and to improve the foreign trade environment of the photovoltaic industry. Promote the healthy development of photovoltaic industry in China. This paper first briefly outlines the development of the global photovoltaic market at the time of the case, and focuses on the development of the markets of China and the United States, as well as the subsidy policies. This paper takes the different interests of various stakeholders in this case as the entry point, on the basis of which the political and economic factors are fully integrated into the analytical framework. The paper points out that interest groups influence the formulation of trade policy and trade protection to strategic emerging industries, which makes the United States launch this trade investigation. The overcapacity in China's photovoltaic market provides an excuse for the United States. Although the trade friction has hampered the pace of expanding the overseas sales market of Chinese photovoltaic companies, it has exacerbated the problem of overcapacity. However, it is also a wake-up call for the healthy development of China's photovoltaic industry in the future, which is conducive to improving the industrial structure and optimizing industrial support policies. Finally, through the understanding of this case and the characteristics of the development of the photovoltaic market in China, This paper puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with trade friction better in photovoltaic industry associations and enterprises in the short and long term.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F752.02;F426.6

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