本文關(guān)鍵詞：食品添加劑違法使用的政府監(jiān)管研究　出處：《南京工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 食品添加劑 法定種類 違法使用 監(jiān)管

【摘要】：人類使用食品添加劑的歷史十分悠久，其應用使得食品生產(chǎn)加工擺脫了原始的食品加工小作坊式產(chǎn)業(yè)，逐漸形成了商業(yè)化的食品工業(yè)，因此食品添加劑被喻為現(xiàn)代食品工業(yè)的靈魂�？茖W合理地使用食品添加劑，不僅能使食品在色、香、味、型和質(zhì)等方面豐富多彩，而且在提高食欲、改善營養(yǎng)方面有很大作用。有統(tǒng)計顯示，目前，全世界食品添加劑的品種高達14000多種，經(jīng)常使用的有近2000種。 隨著一些重大食品安全事件的曝光，三聚氰胺、瘦肉精、塑化劑等物質(zhì)廣為民眾知曉，這些物質(zhì)實際上是法律禁止添加的非食用物質(zhì)，但很多人都將它們誤認為是食品添加劑，從而對食品添加劑的安全表現(xiàn)出前所未有的恐慌。事實上，迄今為止發(fā)生的食品安全事故沒有一件是因為合法使用食品添加劑造成的，而主要原因在于違法違規(guī)使用食品添加劑。于是，對于安全、合法使用食品添加劑的監(jiān)管是當務之急。 食品添加劑并不是食品的成分，因此與食品的監(jiān)管不同，對于食品添加劑的監(jiān)管更重要的是監(jiān)督其合法使用。目前我國食品添加劑使用中的違法概括起來有兩個方面，一個是食品添加劑種類外的違法添加，包括使用國家禁止或未批準的物質(zhì)作為添加劑和使用工業(yè)級添加劑；另一個是法定種類內(nèi)的違法，，主要在于超量超范圍使用食品添加劑以及使用偽劣添加劑等。 將食品添加劑的監(jiān)管失靈放到整個食品安全的大環(huán)境下考察，原因在于監(jiān)管機制的不完善以及公共執(zhí)法資源分配不均等；結(jié)合食品添加劑自身的特殊性，還在于食品添加劑標準和檢測技術(shù)的落后以及監(jiān)管部門未針對食品添加劑可能出現(xiàn)的違法添加情況進行事前的檢測。 對食品添加劑違法使用的監(jiān)管工作，需要結(jié)合食品添加劑本身的特點有針對性的展開。對于超出食品添加劑法定種類隨意添加其他物質(zhì)，甚至是添加有毒有害物質(zhì)的行為，監(jiān)管部門應嚴格排查，不斷完善非食品添加劑的黑名單，并加強食品添加劑新品種的安全性審核。對于符合食品添加劑法定種類但是超量超標使用的行為，監(jiān)管部門應當完善食品添加劑標準體系建設(shè)，做好食品添加劑的日常檢測工作，并加強食品添加劑含量標示監(jiān)管。 值得關(guān)注的是，經(jīng)過2013年國務院機構(gòu)改革，食品安全領(lǐng)域開始實行集中監(jiān)管模式。這一模式符合國外發(fā)達國家食品安全監(jiān)管的趨勢，食品添加劑使用的具體監(jiān)管應當在新體制下加強部門之間的協(xié)調(diào)，提高食品添加劑執(zhí)法能力。監(jiān)管部門應當積極培育食品添加劑使用者的社會責任感，并鼓勵社會各界參與到食品添加劑安全的公共監(jiān)督中來，最大限度地對食品添加劑實現(xiàn)良性監(jiān)管，將食品添加劑的安全風險降到最低，進而保障人民群眾的生命健康。
[Abstract]:Human use of food additives has a very long history, its application makes food production and processing away from the original food processing small workshop industry, gradually formed a commercial food industry. Therefore, food additives are regarded as the soul of modern food industry. The scientific and rational use of food additives can not only make food colorful in color, fragrance, taste, type and quality, but also improve the appetite. Statistics show that there are more than 14000 kinds of food additives in the world, and nearly 2, 000 kinds of food additives are often used. With some major food safety incidents, melamine, lean meat essence, plasticizer and other substances widely known to the public, these substances are actually prohibited by law added non-edible substances. But many people mistake them for food additives, thus showing unprecedented panic about the safety of food additives. In fact. So far, none of the food safety accidents have occurred because of the legal use of food additives, but the main reason is the illegal use of food additives. The regulation of the legal use of food additives is imperative. Food additives are not food ingredients and are therefore different from food regulation. The supervision of food additives is more important to supervise their legal use. At present, there are two aspects in the illegal use of food additives, one is the illegal addition of food additives. Including the use of substances prohibited or not approved by the State as additives and the use of industrial grade additives; The other is the illegal use of food additives and the use of shoddy additives. The failure of the supervision of food additives in the whole food safety environment is investigated because of the imperfect supervision mechanism and the unequal distribution of public law enforcement resources. Considering the particularity of food additive itself, it also lies in the backward standard and detection technology of food additive and the failure of supervision department to detect the possible illegal addition of food additive in advance. The supervision and control of illegal use of food additives should be carried out in accordance with the characteristics of food additives, and other substances should be added freely beyond the legal categories of food additives. Even the addition of toxic and harmful substances, regulatory authorities should be strictly checked, constantly improve the blacklist of non-food additives. And strengthen the safety audit of new varieties of food additives. For the behavior of meeting the legal categories of food additives but exceeding the standard, the regulatory department should perfect the construction of food additive standard system. Do a good job in the daily detection of food additives, and strengthen the content of food additives monitoring. It is worth noting that after the reform of the State Council in 2013, the food safety field began to implement a centralized supervision model, which is in line with the trend of food safety regulation in developed countries. The specific supervision and control of the use of food additives should strengthen the coordination among the departments under the new system and improve the ability of enforcing the law of food additives. The regulatory authorities should actively cultivate the social responsibility of the users of food additives. And encourage people from all walks of life to participate in the public supervision of food additive safety, maximize the implementation of benign supervision of food additives, and reduce the safety risks of food additives to the minimum. And then protect the people's life and health.
【學位授予單位】：南京工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F203;F426.82;D922.16

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