本文關(guān)鍵詞：低碳視角下中國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)技術(shù)效率分析　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鋼鐵行業(yè) 技術(shù)效率 低碳經(jīng)濟(jì) DEA

【摘要】：鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要支柱型產(chǎn)業(yè),是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和綜合國(guó)力的重要標(biāo)志。經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的發(fā)展建設(shè),中國(guó)已經(jīng)躋身世界鋼鐵大國(guó)行列,取得了舉世矚目的成就,但同時(shí)卻存在著諸多問(wèn)題,如創(chuàng)新能力弱、投入消耗過(guò)大、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不高、低水平產(chǎn)能過(guò)大、結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度偏低、產(chǎn)業(yè)整體國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不強(qiáng)等,而這些問(wèn)題歸根結(jié)底是效率問(wèn)題。 與此同時(shí),隨著低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的提出和發(fā)展,鋼鐵行業(yè)面臨更加嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)。中國(guó)承諾2020年單位GDP二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%,“十二五”規(guī)劃中也將發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)作為一項(xiàng)重要工作。鋼鐵行業(yè)作為典型的高能耗、高污染行業(yè),勢(shì)必成為節(jié)能減排重中之重,因此,鋼鐵行業(yè)發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)、推廣低碳技術(shù)勢(shì)在必行。 本文根據(jù)鋼鐵行業(yè)特點(diǎn),選取鐵礦石消耗量、能源消耗量、固定資產(chǎn)投資以及從業(yè)人數(shù)作為投入項(xiàng),以鋼鐵行業(yè)總產(chǎn)值和低碳產(chǎn)出作為產(chǎn)出項(xiàng),運(yùn)用DEA模型測(cè)算了中國(guó)歷年技術(shù)效率,并在全國(guó)、區(qū)域和省域三個(gè)層面對(duì)鋼鐵行業(yè)技術(shù)效率進(jìn)行了分析,研究表明：在考察期內(nèi)全國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)技術(shù)效率呈現(xiàn)“W型”分布,鋼鐵行業(yè)正在通過(guò)自身的努力,逐步擺脫粗放型發(fā)展模式；鋼鐵行業(yè)技術(shù)效率區(qū)域差異明顯,具體表現(xiàn)為東部地區(qū)水平較高,中西部地區(qū)水平普遍較低,各區(qū)域均處于規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減階段；各省之間技術(shù)效率存在一定差異,北京、天津、江蘇等7省在節(jié)能減排方面表現(xiàn)突出,而吉林、黑龍江、江西等7個(gè)省份則是下一步開(kāi)展工作的重點(diǎn)地區(qū)。針對(duì)上述結(jié)論,結(jié)合中國(guó)實(shí)際情況,提出若干政策建議,包括加強(qiáng)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,逐步淘汰落后產(chǎn)能；發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì),推廣減排技術(shù)；調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度；加強(qiáng)企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理,充分挖掘節(jié)能減排潛力；加大對(duì)中西部地區(qū)扶持力度。
[Abstract]:Iron and steel industry is an important pillar industry of our national economy, is an important symbol of the national economic level and comprehensive national strength. After decades of development and construction, China has become one of the major iron and steel countries in the world. The achievements have attracted worldwide attention, but at the same time there are many problems, such as weak innovation ability, excessive consumption of input, low level of production capacity, unreasonable structure and low degree of industrial concentration. The international competitiveness of industry as a whole is not strong, and these problems are efficiency problems in the final analysis. At the same time, with the introduction and development of a low-carbon economy, the steel industry is facing a more serious situation. China promised to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in 2020 compared with 2005. The development of low-carbon economy is also regarded as an important work in the 12th Five-Year Plan. As a typical high energy consumption and high pollution industry, iron and steel industry is bound to become the most important energy saving and emission reduction. It is imperative for steel industry to develop low-carbon economy and promote low-carbon technology. According to the characteristics of iron and steel industry, this paper selects iron ore consumption, energy consumption, fixed asset investment and the number of employees as input items, and takes total output value and low carbon output as output items. The technical efficiency of iron and steel industry in China has been calculated by using DEA model, and the technical efficiency of iron and steel industry has been analyzed at the national, regional and provincial levels. The results show that: during the period of investigation, the technical efficiency of iron and steel industry in China presents "W type" distribution, and the iron and steel industry is gradually getting rid of the extensive development model through its own efforts; The regional differences of technical efficiency of iron and steel industry are obvious, the level of the eastern region is higher, the level of the central and western regions is generally lower, and each region is in the stage of decreasing returns of scale. There are some differences in technical efficiency between provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu and other seven provinces in energy conservation and emission reduction outstanding, while Jilin, Heilongjiang. Jiangxi and other seven provinces are the key areas for further work. In view of the above conclusions, combined with the actual situation in China, some policy suggestions are put forward, including strengthening technological innovation and phasing out backward production capacity; Developing circular economy and popularizing emission reduction technology; Adjust the industrial structure and improve the degree of industrial concentration; Strengthen the internal management of enterprises, fully tap the potential of energy saving and emission reduction; We will increase support for the central and western regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.31

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