本文關(guān)鍵詞：低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)對中國鋼鐵出口的影響及對策分析　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè) 兩高一資 碳關(guān)稅 碳標(biāo)簽 出口退稅 十二五規(guī)劃

【摘要】：伴隨著工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展，氣候問題日益受到人們的關(guān)注。2005年12月，《京都議定書》首次以法規(guī)的形式限定了各締約國溫室氣體的排放量，但作為世界第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體的美國卻以議定書施加給他的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)過重為由，拒絕加入該協(xié)定。2009年，美國頒布了《清潔能源與安全法案》，該法案規(guī)定，從2020年起，美國將對進(jìn)口的高碳產(chǎn)品征收一種特殊的邊境調(diào)節(jié)稅，即碳關(guān)稅。該政策違反《京都議定書》中有關(guān)“共同卻有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”的原則，其實(shí)質(zhì)是以環(huán)保之名，行貿(mào)易保護(hù)之實(shí)，打壓像中國一樣的新興工業(yè)化國家。碳關(guān)稅一旦實(shí)施，必將對中國出口造成十分嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響。 鋼鐵工業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)，鋼鐵貿(mào)易在世界貿(mào)易中占有重要的比重。自2006年以來，中國鋼鐵不但實(shí)現(xiàn)了凈出口的突破，而且一舉超越傳統(tǒng)鋼鐵強(qiáng)國，出口量位居世界首位。然而，中國雖為鋼鐵出口大國，卻并非鋼鐵出口強(qiáng)國。一方面，中國鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)增長方式粗放，重要技術(shù)自主創(chuàng)新能力較弱。另一方面，來自國際和國內(nèi)資源環(huán)境約束日益趨緊，特別是“十二五”以來，中國政府加強(qiáng)了對“兩高一資”產(chǎn)業(yè)的調(diào)控力度。而鋼鐵行業(yè)，作為典型的高耗能、高污染、資源密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，必然首當(dāng)其沖。面對國際以及國內(nèi)日益嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境規(guī)制，中國鋼鐵出口將會(huì)受到何種影響？鋼鐵企業(yè)又當(dāng)如何應(yīng)對出口困境？據(jù)此，本文以低碳背景下，，中國鋼鐵出口為研究對象，運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理，分析低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)對中國鋼鐵出口影響，以期能對現(xiàn)實(shí)有所裨益。 本文共分四個(gè)部分。第一部分為緒論，在這一部分中，本文首先指出，在低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)日益盛行的今天，中國鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口受到了嚴(yán)重的挑戰(zhàn)。其次，本文對國內(nèi)外學(xué)者有關(guān)貿(mào)易與環(huán)境的理論研究做了綜述，指出在當(dāng)前背景下研究低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)對中國鋼鐵出口的影響具有十分重要的理論價(jià)值。在第二部分中，本文主要分析了中國鋼鐵企業(yè)的能耗、污染情況及其出口的現(xiàn)狀，據(jù)此總結(jié)出中國鋼鐵產(chǎn)品在對外出口中存在的粗放式增長和遭遇資源環(huán)境約束日益趨緊等問題。在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文第三部分分別從國際的低碳壁壘及國內(nèi)的環(huán)境規(guī)制兩個(gè)方面，運(yùn)用定性分析法，探討其對中國鋼鐵出口在規(guī)模、結(jié)構(gòu)和競爭力等方面的影響。據(jù)此，本文在最后一部分從國家的宏觀層面和企業(yè)的微觀層面給出了針對性的建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrial economy, people pay more and more attention to the climate problem. In December 2005, the Kyoto Protocol limited the greenhouse gas emissions of each Party for the first time in the form of laws and regulations. However, the United States, the world's largest economy, refused to join the agreement on the ground that the economic burden imposed on it by the protocol was too heavy. In 2009, the United States enacted the Clean Energy and Security Act, which provides for it. From 2020, the United States will impose a special border regulation tax, the carbon tariff, on imported high-carbon products. The policy violates the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" in the Kyoto Protocol. The essence of the tariff is to protect trade in the name of environmental protection and to suppress the newly industrialized countries like China. Once the carbon tariff is implemented, it will have a very serious negative impact on China's exports. The iron and steel industry is the pillar industry of the national economy, the iron and steel trade occupies the important proportion in the world trade. Since 2006, the Chinese iron and steel has not only realized the breakthrough of net export. However, although China is a major exporter of steel, it is not a powerful country in steel export. On the one hand, China's steel industry growth mode is extensive. On the other hand, the constraints of international and domestic resources and environment have become increasingly tight, especially since the 12th Five-Year Plan. The Chinese government has stepped up its efforts to regulate the "two high and one capital" industries, which are typically energy-intensive, highly polluting and resource-intensive. Must bear the brunt. In the face of international and domestic increasingly stringent environmental regulation, China's steel export will be affected? How should the iron and steel enterprises deal with the export dilemma? On the basis of this, this paper takes China's iron and steel export as the research object under the low carbon background, applies the economic principle, analyzes the low carbon economy's influence on the Chinese steel export, in order to be beneficial to the reality. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction. In this part, this paper first points out that in the low-carbon economy, the export of Chinese steel industry has been seriously challenged. This paper summarizes the theoretical research on trade and environment of domestic and foreign scholars, and points out that it is of great theoretical value to study the impact of low-carbon economy on China's steel export in the second part. This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption, pollution and export status of Chinese iron and steel enterprises. Based on this, the problems of extensive growth of China's iron and steel products in foreign exports and the tightening of resource and environment constraints are summarized. The third part of this paper discusses the impact on the scale, structure and competitiveness of China's iron and steel export by using qualitative analysis method from the two aspects of international low-carbon barriers and domestic environmental regulation. In the last part, the author gives some suggestions from the macro level of the country and the micro level of the enterprise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.31;F752.62

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