【摘要】：近十年,電子商務(wù)在我國(guó)得到了蓬勃的發(fā)展,然而假冒偽劣商品橫行,借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng),商家實(shí)施侵權(quán)行為的成本更低,侵權(quán)行為產(chǎn)生的影響也更加廣泛。網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者作為電子商務(wù)的特殊主體,在電子商務(wù)交易中獲得了巨大的利益,而商標(biāo)權(quán)、著作權(quán)的權(quán)利人卻面臨著大規(guī)模的侵權(quán)行為,因此為了電子商務(wù)市場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展,有必要平衡雙方的利益。替代責(zé)任的適用有利于調(diào)整雙方當(dāng)事人的利益,促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者完善對(duì)交易平臺(tái)的監(jiān)督和管理,從而推動(dòng)電子商務(wù)的健康發(fā)展。因此有必要研究我國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者的替代責(zé)任。本文主要由三部分構(gòu)成:本文第一部分主要對(duì)替代責(zé)任的概念、特征以及范圍進(jìn)行比較分析,來(lái)論述替代責(zé)任的實(shí)質(zhì)意義以及理論基礎(chǔ)。本文認(rèn)為,替代責(zé)任是英美法系特有概念,其不同于大陸法系的為他人行為之責(zé)任。替代責(zé)任是指第三人基于與行為人的特殊關(guān)系而承擔(dān)的責(zé)任,替代責(zé)任不同于第三人基于違反自己對(duì)行為人的義務(wù)或?qū)κ芎θ说牧x務(wù)而承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。替代責(zé)任最主要的特征是第三人與行為人之間具有控制關(guān)系。無(wú)論是大陸法系還是英美法系,一般都將雇主責(zé)任規(guī)定為替代責(zé)任,而將監(jiān)護(hù)人被監(jiān)護(hù)人責(zé)任排除在替代責(zé)任之外,美國(guó)則將替代責(zé)任發(fā)展到了獨(dú)立締約人之間的版權(quán)侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域,并認(rèn)為在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中,替代責(zé)任同樣適用。本文即是在此基礎(chǔ)上分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者所承擔(dān)的替代責(zé)任。本文第二部分主要分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者替代責(zé)任的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展及其構(gòu)成要件。本部分通過(guò)分析美國(guó)判例法上的獨(dú)立締約人之間的替代責(zé)任的發(fā)展,確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者替代責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件:對(duì)侵權(quán)行為具有控制的權(quán)利和能力并能從中獲取直接的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。本文通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)判例的比較分析,認(rèn)為構(gòu)成要件中的控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)宜采用實(shí)際控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而直接經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的認(rèn)定僅需要第三人獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與侵權(quán)行為具有因果關(guān)系。本文第三部分主要通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者責(zé)任的立法以及司法實(shí)踐中的不足進(jìn)行分析,確認(rèn)我國(guó)并沒(méi)有關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者替代責(zé)任的規(guī)定,以致于司法實(shí)踐中難以運(yùn)用。但我國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者在某些情況下已經(jīng)具有承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任的條件與能力。本文第四部分基于第三部分的分析,對(duì)我國(guó)適用網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者替代責(zé)任提出以下建議:明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者的法律地位;建立多元責(zé)任形態(tài);,明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)提供者承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則——無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任原則;同時(shí)基于我國(guó)國(guó)情,應(yīng)將獨(dú)立締約人之間的替代責(zé)任同時(shí)適用于版權(quán)領(lǐng)域和商標(biāo)權(quán)領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:In recent ten years, e-commerce has been developing vigorously in our country. However, fake and inferior goods are rampant. With the help of Internet, the cost of infringing acts is lower and the influence of infringing actions is more extensive. As a special subject of e-commerce, the provider of network trading platform has gained great benefits in e-commerce transactions, while the owners of trademark rights and copyrights are faced with large-scale infringement. Therefore, for the healthy development of e-commerce market, it is necessary to balance the interests of both sides. The application of alternative liability is beneficial to adjust the interests of both parties, promote the network trading platform providers to improve the supervision and management of the trading platform, and thus promote the healthy development of electronic commerce. Therefore, it is necessary to study the alternative responsibility of network trading platform providers in China. This paper mainly consists of three parts: the first part of this paper mainly analyzes the concept, characteristics and scope of substitution responsibility, to discuss the substantive significance and theoretical basis of substitution responsibility. This paper argues that alternative liability is a unique concept of Anglo-American law system, which is different from the civil law system of responsibility for the conduct of others. Alternative liability refers to the liability of the third party based on the special relationship with the actor, which is different from the liability of the third party based on the breach of its obligations to the actor or to the victim. The main feature of substitution liability is that there is a control relationship between the third party and the actor. In both civil and common law systems, employer liability is generally defined as an alternative liability, and guardianship is excluded from the substitute liability. The United States has developed alternative liability to copyright infringement among independent contracting parties, and believes that in the network environment, alternative liability is also applicable. This paper is based on the analysis of the network trading platform providers bear the alternative responsibility. The second part of this paper mainly analyzes the emergence and development of the substitution responsibility of network trading platform providers and its constituent elements. This section analyzes the development of alternative responsibilities between independent contracting parties in case law in the United States. To determine the constituent elements of the substitute liability of the network trading platform provider: to have the right and ability to control the tort and to obtain direct economic benefits from it. Through the comparative analysis of American jurisprudence, this paper holds that the control standard in the constituent elements should adopt the actual control standard, while the identification of direct economic interests only needs the economic benefit obtained by the third party and the tort has a causal relationship. The third part of this paper mainly through the analysis of our country on the network trading platform provider responsibility legislation and judicial practice deficiencies, confirm that our country does not have the provisions on the network trading platform provider substitution responsibility, As a result, it is difficult to use in judicial practice. However, China's network trading platform providers in some cases have the conditions and capabilities to assume alternative responsibilities. The fourth part of this paper, based on the analysis of the third part, puts forward the following suggestions: clarifying the legal status of the network trading platform providers, establishing the multi-liability form, and putting forward the following suggestions on the replacement responsibility of the network trading platform providers in China. At the same time, according to the national conditions of our country, the substitute liability between independent parties should be applied to copyright field and trademark right field, at the same time, the non-fault liability principle, which is the principle of no-fault liability, should be applied to the domain of copyright and trademark right at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923

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