【摘要】：發(fā)票是企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)記賬和納稅申報(bào)的原始憑證,隨著電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展,紙質(zhì)發(fā)票與電子商務(wù)交易的即時(shí)、快速已不相適應(yīng)。電子發(fā)票的推行有助于節(jié)能環(huán)保、規(guī)范稅費(fèi)管理、降低運(yùn)行成本、提高運(yùn)營(yíng)效率,但是電子發(fā)票造假行為也日益猖獗,為實(shí)現(xiàn)電子發(fā)票圖像真的實(shí)性認(rèn)證,本文以數(shù)字水印技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)計(jì)了一種結(jié)合QR碼的電子發(fā)票圖像認(rèn)證水印算法。論文首先對(duì)研究意義與背景進(jìn)行了介紹,指出根據(jù)票面構(gòu)成特點(diǎn),將電子發(fā)票圖像的真實(shí)性認(rèn)證分為QR碼區(qū)域和非QR碼區(qū)域兩部分,在實(shí)現(xiàn)雙重認(rèn)證的同時(shí),提高了認(rèn)證效率。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容為以下兩個(gè)方面：(1)基于QR圖像的隱寫(xiě),改進(jìn)算法基于兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)提出：黑白模塊比例接近1：1、解碼時(shí)允許每個(gè)模塊有一定范圍內(nèi)的偏差。為便于網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸及存儲(chǔ),選擇以二值圖像為研究對(duì)象；為了保證載密圖像能被正確解碼,在允許范圍內(nèi)調(diào)整模塊的邊界；為了圖像的增大隱寫(xiě)容量,在模塊交界處嵌入秘密信息；為了增強(qiáng)算法的安全性,以密鑰控制秘密信息的嵌入位置。也即本文算法是通過(guò)調(diào)整黑白模塊的邊界的方法,將秘密信息嵌入模塊交界處,并以密鑰控制嵌入位置。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文算法在隱寫(xiě)容量、抗縮放攻擊方面的性能表現(xiàn)要優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有算法,但是對(duì)打印掃描攻擊不具有抵抗性。(2)根據(jù)電子發(fā)票圖像特點(diǎn),選取GIF格式的發(fā)票圖像為研究對(duì)象。第一重認(rèn)證：將電子發(fā)票信息作為水印嵌入QR圖像實(shí)現(xiàn)篡改檢測(cè)。第二重認(rèn)證：結(jié)合發(fā)票圖像顏色信息有限的特征,將調(diào)色板進(jìn)行重寫(xiě)擴(kuò)充,通過(guò)改變索引矩陣的方式嵌入水印,達(dá)到了較好的人眼“不可見(jiàn)”。首先對(duì)圖像分塊分類(lèi),對(duì)每一圖像塊生成認(rèn)證水印并嵌入自身塊；僅對(duì)每一個(gè)重要類(lèi)圖像塊以“二值化”的方式生成恢復(fù)水印,并基于密鑰將其嵌入在兩個(gè)非重要類(lèi)圖像塊內(nèi)。對(duì)于只需要認(rèn)證發(fā)票真實(shí)性的場(chǎng)合,可以?xún)H進(jìn)行第一重認(rèn)證,如果需要進(jìn)行定位與恢復(fù),再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行第二重認(rèn)證,可以大大提高認(rèn)證效率。論文的最后,針對(duì)本文的研究成果設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)可視化人機(jī)互動(dòng)仿真系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:Invoice is the original proof of accounting and tax declaration. With the development of electronic commerce, the paper invoice is not suitable for the transaction of electronic commerce. The implementation of electronic invoice is helpful to save energy and environmental protection, standardize tax and fee management, reduce operation cost and improve operation efficiency. However, electronic invoice fraud is becoming increasingly rampant, in order to realize real authentication of electronic invoice image. Based on digital watermarking technology, a digital invoice image authentication watermarking algorithm combined with QR code is designed in this paper. This paper first introduces the significance and background of the research, and points out that the authenticity authentication of electronic invoice image is divided into two parts: QR code area and non-QR code area according to the characteristics of face structure. The authentication efficiency is improved while double authentication is realized. The main research contents are as follows: (1) based on the steganography of QR images, the improved algorithm is proposed based on two characteristics: black and white module ratio is close to 1: 1, and each module is allowed to have a certain range of deviations when decoding. In order to facilitate network transmission and storage, the binary image is chosen as the research object, and the boundary of the module is adjusted within the allowable range in order to ensure that the carrier image can be decoded correctly. In order to increase the steganography capacity of the image, the secret information is embedded at the junction of the module, and in order to enhance the security of the algorithm, the embedding position of the secret information is controlled by the key. In other words, by adjusting the boundary of the black and white module, the secret information is embedded in the interface of the module, and the embedding position is controlled by the key. Experimental results show that the performance of this algorithm in steganography capacity and resistive scaling attack is better than that of existing algorithms, but it is not resistant to print scan attack. (2) according to the characteristics of electronic invoice image, The invoice image in GIF format is selected as the research object. First authentication: the electronic invoice information is embedded into QR image as watermark to implement tampering detection. Second authentication: combining with the limited color information of invoice image, the palette is rewritten and expanded, and the watermark is embedded by changing the index matrix to achieve a better "invisible" human eye. Firstly, the authentication watermark is generated for each image block and embedded into its own block. Only the watermark is generated "binary" for each important class image block, and embedded in two non-important class image blocks based on the key. For the situation that only needs to authenticate the authenticity of invoice, we can only carry out the first authentication. If we need to locate and restore, and then continue to carry on the second authentication, the efficiency of authentication can be greatly improved. At the end of this paper, a visual man-machine interactive simulation system is designed according to the research results of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP309.7

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