面向問題的需求可追蹤性方法及技術(shù)支持
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-09 20:00
【摘要】：隨著計算機應(yīng)用技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,人們所使用的計算機軟件系統(tǒng)日趨復(fù)雜、規(guī)模越來越大,軟件開發(fā)成本不斷提高,導(dǎo)致軟件開發(fā)所面臨的風(fēng)險隨之加大。軟件已經(jīng)成為信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,并具備密集型的特點。一方面它成為人們生活中不可或缺的一部分,如電子政府,電子商務(wù)和手機軟件等,另一方面,一些高尖端的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,如航空航天,國防軍事等,對軟件的質(zhì)量提出了很高的要求。然而,軟件開發(fā)的現(xiàn)況和質(zhì)量遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到人們的期望,例如,很多軟件產(chǎn)品不能按預(yù)期計劃和在經(jīng)費預(yù)算內(nèi)完成,軟件的質(zhì)量低下等。軟件因質(zhì)量問題所導(dǎo)致的故障,常常給人們的工作和生活帶來諸多不便,甚至造成重大經(jīng)濟(jì)、財產(chǎn)和生命損失。雖然產(chǎn)生上述問題的原因有很多,但軟件需求問題可以說是其中的一個重要原因。許多研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)軟件開發(fā)項目失敗時,軟件需求問題通常正是核心問題。因此,對需求工程技術(shù)的研究具有重要的理論和實際意義。問題框架是需求工程的主要方法之一,已得到需求工程界的廣泛重視和研究。作為面向問題的需求分析方法的核心,在問題框架方法中,軟件規(guī)格(specifications)被定義為計算機周圍應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域交界處計算機的行為描述,而需求(requirements)被定義為客戶在現(xiàn)實世界中想要得到的環(huán)境行為描述。因此一個軟件開發(fā)問題就是提供一種正確的軟件規(guī)格,使其在給定的上下文環(huán)境能夠滿足客戶提出的需求。問題框架方法的一種核心思想是機器領(lǐng)域?qū)⑼ㄟ^與問題領(lǐng)域之間的交互(interaction)來滿足需求。因此交互是需求建模的重要元素,表示為機器領(lǐng)域和問題領(lǐng)域之間以及問題領(lǐng)域和需求之間的連接。問題框架方法強調(diào)軟件對現(xiàn)實世界的作用,通過構(gòu)建上下文圖(context diagram)、問題圖(problem diagram)來對問題建模,并運用問題漸變(Problem Progression)等方法將用戶需求推演變換,實現(xiàn)從用戶需求到軟件規(guī)約的平滑的和可推理的變換。本文研究的目的是,在問題變換過程中保持問題圖模型語義的正確性和需求的可追蹤性。在研究方法上,采用杰克遜提出的問題漸變思想,結(jié)合模型驅(qū)動方法并引入了3套規(guī)則,并設(shè)計了相應(yīng)的實現(xiàn)算法,同時采用CSP(通信順序進(jìn)程)語言給出模型變換的指稱語義。本文的研究成果包括以下內(nèi)容：首先提供了一種基于問題框架的需求可追蹤性方法及技術(shù)支持,在問題模型變換過程中不僅保持了圖形化的可追蹤性(graphical traceability),而且還實現(xiàn)了自然語言和形式化語義上的可追蹤性,因此大大提高了基于問題框架的需求分析方法的實用性及嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。此外,本文還設(shè)計了實現(xiàn)以上可追蹤性方法的計算機輔助支持工具,并給出相對應(yīng)的實現(xiàn)算法,半自動地實現(xiàn)對問題圖模型的變換。最后通過一個智能家居的案例研究驗證了本方法的可行性和增強了工具在實際使用時的交互性和易理解性。文本闡述了一種面向問題的需求分析方法和技術(shù)支持,在問題模型變換的過程中追蹤需求,同時保證問題圖語義的正確性,并通過計算機輔助工具以文本或形式化符號表示導(dǎo)出用戶的需求,為實現(xiàn)從用戶需求到軟件規(guī)約提供了一種方法,從而加快了面向問題方法從理論研究走向?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用的步伐。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress and development of computer application technology, the computer software system used by people is becoming more and more complex, the scale is growing, the cost of software development is increasing, and the risk of software development is increasing. The software has become the information infrastructure and has the characteristics of dense. On the one hand, it becomes people's life. On the other hand, some highly advanced technologies, such as aerospace, defense, military and so on, have high requirements for the quality of software. However, the current and quality of software development is far from the expectations of people, for example, many software products are not expected to be expected. The problems caused by the quality problems of the software are often completed in the plan and in the budget. The problems caused by the quality of the software often bring a lot of inconvenience to people's work and life, and even cause significant economic, property and life losses. Although there are many reasons for the problems, the problem of software requirements can be said to be an important source of the problem. Many researchers have found that when software development projects fail, the problem of software requirements is usually the core problem. Therefore, the research on demand engineering technology is of great theoretical and practical significance. The problem framework is one of the main methods of demand engineering and has been widely paid attention to and studied by the demand engineering community. At the core of the analysis method, in the problem frame method, the software specification (specifications) is defined as the behavior description of the computer at the boundary of the application field around the computer, and the requirement (requirements) is defined as the description of the environmental behavior that the customer wants in the real world. So a software development problem is to provide a correct method. One of the core ideas of the problem frame approach is that the machine domain will meet the requirements through the interaction with the problem domain (interaction). Therefore, interaction is an important element of the requirement modeling, representing between the machine domain and the problem domain and the question. The problem frame method emphasizes the effect of software on the real world, modeling the problem by constructing context diagram (problem diagram), and using the method of Problem Progression to transform the user's requirements, and realize the level of the software specification from the user needs to the software specification. The purpose of this paper is to maintain the correctness of the semantic and the traceability of the problem graph model in the process of problem transformation. In the research method, the method of gradual change proposed by Jackson, combined with the model driving method and 3 sets of rules are introduced, and the corresponding implementation algorithm is designed, and CSP is adopted. (communication sequence process) language gives the referential semantics of model transformation. The research results of this paper include the following contents: first, we provide a demand Traceability Method and technical support based on the problem frame. In the process of the problem model transformation, not only the graphical traceability is maintained, but also the self traceability is also realized. However, the traceability of language and formal semantics greatly improves the practicability and rigour of the method of requirement analysis based on the problem frame. In addition, this paper also designs a computer-aided support tool for the realization of the above traceability method, and gives the corresponding realization method to realize the transformation of the problem graph model semi automatically. Finally, a case study of a smart home is used to verify the feasibility of this method and enhance the interactivity and comprehensibility of the tool in the actual use. The text describes a problem oriented requirement analysis method and technical support, tracking the requirement in the process of the problem model transformation, and ensuring the correctness of the problem graph semantics. A computer aided tool is used to express the user's needs in text or formal symbols, which provides a way to realize the requirements from the user to the software specification, thus speeding up the pace of the problem oriented approach to the practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP311.5
本文編號：2175158
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress and development of computer application technology, the computer software system used by people is becoming more and more complex, the scale is growing, the cost of software development is increasing, and the risk of software development is increasing. The software has become the information infrastructure and has the characteristics of dense. On the one hand, it becomes people's life. On the other hand, some highly advanced technologies, such as aerospace, defense, military and so on, have high requirements for the quality of software. However, the current and quality of software development is far from the expectations of people, for example, many software products are not expected to be expected. The problems caused by the quality problems of the software are often completed in the plan and in the budget. The problems caused by the quality of the software often bring a lot of inconvenience to people's work and life, and even cause significant economic, property and life losses. Although there are many reasons for the problems, the problem of software requirements can be said to be an important source of the problem. Many researchers have found that when software development projects fail, the problem of software requirements is usually the core problem. Therefore, the research on demand engineering technology is of great theoretical and practical significance. The problem framework is one of the main methods of demand engineering and has been widely paid attention to and studied by the demand engineering community. At the core of the analysis method, in the problem frame method, the software specification (specifications) is defined as the behavior description of the computer at the boundary of the application field around the computer, and the requirement (requirements) is defined as the description of the environmental behavior that the customer wants in the real world. So a software development problem is to provide a correct method. One of the core ideas of the problem frame approach is that the machine domain will meet the requirements through the interaction with the problem domain (interaction). Therefore, interaction is an important element of the requirement modeling, representing between the machine domain and the problem domain and the question. The problem frame method emphasizes the effect of software on the real world, modeling the problem by constructing context diagram (problem diagram), and using the method of Problem Progression to transform the user's requirements, and realize the level of the software specification from the user needs to the software specification. The purpose of this paper is to maintain the correctness of the semantic and the traceability of the problem graph model in the process of problem transformation. In the research method, the method of gradual change proposed by Jackson, combined with the model driving method and 3 sets of rules are introduced, and the corresponding implementation algorithm is designed, and CSP is adopted. (communication sequence process) language gives the referential semantics of model transformation. The research results of this paper include the following contents: first, we provide a demand Traceability Method and technical support based on the problem frame. In the process of the problem model transformation, not only the graphical traceability is maintained, but also the self traceability is also realized. However, the traceability of language and formal semantics greatly improves the practicability and rigour of the method of requirement analysis based on the problem frame. In addition, this paper also designs a computer-aided support tool for the realization of the above traceability method, and gives the corresponding realization method to realize the transformation of the problem graph model semi automatically. Finally, a case study of a smart home is used to verify the feasibility of this method and enhance the interactivity and comprehensibility of the tool in the actual use. The text describes a problem oriented requirement analysis method and technical support, tracking the requirement in the process of the problem model transformation, and ensuring the correctness of the problem graph semantics. A computer aided tool is used to express the user's needs in text or formal symbols, which provides a way to realize the requirements from the user to the software specification, thus speeding up the pace of the problem oriented approach to the practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP311.5
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