【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟全球化和科技進步的推動下,國際分工進入到基于價值鏈國際拆分的產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工階段。中國主要通過加工貿(mào)易參與到產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工中,這種新型分工方式對中國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。中國如何才能有效地利用產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工為中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶來的利益,從而更好促進經(jīng)濟和社會的發(fā)展是本文研究的主要目的。本文首先通過對比較優(yōu)勢理論和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟理論補充放寬一些前提條件,結(jié)合全球價值鏈理論,構(gòu)建較為完整的產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工理論基礎。然后基于模塊化分析產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工的有效實現(xiàn)形式及其內(nèi)在機制,最后梳理國內(nèi)外關(guān)于產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工對產(chǎn)業(yè)績效影響的相關(guān)文獻。通過UN Comtrade貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)的分析,本文發(fā)現(xiàn)中國在產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工中競爭力主要集中在低附加值的勞動密集型加工組裝階段,在國際分工體系中處于中低端位置。中國在融入產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工過程中,比較優(yōu)勢逐漸向價值鏈的中高端攀升,國際分工地位有一定的改善,但要實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的升級仍需要相對長時間的努力。在實證部分,本文基于2002-2012年的面板數(shù)據(jù),分別測算中間品進口、中間品出口、最終品進口、最終品出口四種嵌入模式與勞動生產(chǎn)率之間的關(guān)系。產(chǎn)業(yè)整體研究結(jié)果表明,產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工從中間品進口、中間品出口、最終品出口三個方面促進生產(chǎn)率增長,其中中間品出口貢獻最大;“引進中間產(chǎn)品—深加工—出口中間產(chǎn)品”和系統(tǒng)集成模式對產(chǎn)業(yè)整體生產(chǎn)率產(chǎn)生顯著促進作用。從不同技術(shù)類型產(chǎn)業(yè)回歸結(jié)果來看,中間產(chǎn)品和最終產(chǎn)品出口增長提高不同技術(shù)類型產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率;中間產(chǎn)品進口會有利于中低端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,阻礙高端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)升級;最終產(chǎn)品進口會顯著阻礙低端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,但有利于中端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)提高該領(lǐng)域的生產(chǎn)率;“引進中間產(chǎn)品—深加工—出口中間產(chǎn)品”模式推動低端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率提升,系統(tǒng)集成模式有利于低端和高端技術(shù)類型產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。本文也探討產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工對工業(yè)部門收入分配的影響。從產(chǎn)業(yè)整體來看,中間產(chǎn)品進口、中間產(chǎn)品出口和最終產(chǎn)品進口這三方面提高熟練勞動力相對工資,其中中間產(chǎn)品出口的貢獻最大。從不同技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)類型來看,中間產(chǎn)品進口和出口增長擴大中低端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)相對工資差距;最終產(chǎn)品進口對低端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)相對工資差距的擴大有促進作用;最終產(chǎn)品出口則會顯著縮小不同技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)相對工資差距;參與產(chǎn)品內(nèi)國際分工四種模式對縮小高端技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)相對工資起到了顯著的作用。最后,對全文的研究結(jié)果進行了歸納,并提出政策建議。
[Abstract]:Under the impetus of economic globalization and the progress of science and technology, the international division of labor has entered the stage of intra-product international division based on the international division of value chain. China participates in the international division of labor mainly through processing trade, which has a profound influence on the development of Chinese industry. The main purpose of this paper is how China can effectively utilize the benefits brought by the international division of labor within products for China's economic development and thus promote the development of economy and society. Firstly, by supplementing the comparative advantage theory and the scale economy theory and combining the global value chain theory with some preconditions, this paper constructs a relatively complete theoretical basis of intra-product international division of labor. Then based on the modular analysis of the effective form of intra-product international division of labor and its internal mechanism, finally combing the domestic and foreign literature on the impact of intra-product international division of labor on industrial performance. Through the analysis of UN Comtrade trade data, this paper finds that the competitiveness of China in the international division of labor within products is mainly concentrated in the labor-intensive processing and assembly stage with low added value, and in the middle and low end of the international division of labor system. In the process of China's integration into the intra-product international division of labor, the comparative advantage is gradually rising to the middle and high end of the value chain, and the position of international division of labor has been improved to a certain extent, but it still takes a relatively long time to realize the upgrading of the industry. In the empirical part, based on the panel data from 2002 to 2012, this paper calculates the relationship between labor productivity and the four embedded models of intermediate import, intermediate export, final product import and final product export. The results show that the international division of labor within products promotes productivity growth from three aspects: import of intermediate goods, export of intermediate goods and export of final products, with the greatest contribution to the export of intermediate goods. The introduction of intermediate products-deep processing-export intermediates and the system integration model play a significant role in promoting the overall productivity of the industry. According to the regression results of different types of technology industries, the export growth of intermediate products and final products can improve the productivity of different types of technology industries, and the import of intermediate products will benefit the development of middle and low-end technology industries and hinder the upgrading of high-end technology industries. The final product import will significantly hinder the development of low-end technology industry, but will help the mid-end technology industry to improve the productivity in this field; The mode of "introducing intermediate products-deep processing-exporting intermediate products" promotes the productivity of low-end technology industry, and the system integration model is beneficial to the development of low-end and high-end technology type industries. This paper also discusses the impact of intra-product international division of labor on income distribution in the industrial sector. From the view of industry as a whole, intermediate product import, intermediate product export and final product import raise the relative wage of skilled labor force, and the contribution of intermediate product export is the greatest. According to different types of technology industry, the growth of intermediate product import and export expands the relative wage gap of middle and low end technology industry, and the final product import promotes the expansion of low end technology industry relative wage gap. The final product export will significantly reduce the relative wage gap between different technology industries, and the four modes of participating in the international division of labor within the product play a significant role in reducing the relative wage of the high-end technology industry. Finally, the research results are summarized, and policy recommendations are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F124

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