發(fā)布時間：2018-10-18 20:53

【摘要】：企業(yè)的生存問題是經(jīng)濟管理研究中非常重要的內(nèi)容,持續(xù)經(jīng)營是一切企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大的基礎。企業(yè)管理的目標是生存、獲利和發(fā)展,而生存是后兩者的前提條件。隨著全球經(jīng)濟一體化進程的日益加速,技術更新?lián)Q代頻繁,市場大環(huán)境復雜多變,競爭變得愈加激烈,企業(yè)面臨著越來越大的生存壓力,如何有效提高企業(yè)的生存力已經(jīng)成為亟需解決的問題。產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚通過上下游關聯(lián)企業(yè)的分工協(xié)作、勞動力資源的優(yōu)化、知識和技術的擴散等途徑產(chǎn)生正向的外部性,提高企業(yè)的生存能力。于是,我們以異質(zhì)性企業(yè)為切入點,通過設置臨界生產(chǎn)率、求解均衡條件,以企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率作為傳導機制構建產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對企業(yè)生存影響的理論模型。新經(jīng)濟地理理論將異質(zhì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率優(yōu)勢歸因于集聚效應,但“新”新經(jīng)濟地理理論提出了另種途徑——自選擇效應,忽略自選擇效應的研究往往高估了集聚效應的作用結果。為了考究集聚外部效應,我們將Combes的理論嵌入到新新經(jīng)濟地理框架中,以勞動稟賦度量地區(qū)的集聚效應,得到了產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率正相關關系。正向外部性的存在使得企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本不斷下降,從而降低了企業(yè)自身的倒閉風險。在開放經(jīng)濟中,參與國際市場接觸先進的生產(chǎn)工藝和管理方式等,能夠直接或間接地加劇企業(yè)的“溢出效應”,降低企業(yè)的臨界生產(chǎn)成本,進一步提高了企業(yè)的生存能力促進其可持續(xù)發(fā)展。實證檢驗中,采用排除大企業(yè)規(guī)模效應影響的Ellison-Glaeser指數(shù)來衡量產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚度,同時將產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚經(jīng)濟細分為衡量同一行業(yè)內(nèi)外部性的專業(yè)化經(jīng)濟和不同行業(yè)之間外部性的城市化經(jīng)濟。在對中國工業(yè)企業(yè)微觀數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)一處理的基礎上,基于4位數(shù)行業(yè)和縣級區(qū)域測度產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚水平,運用生存分析模型和傾向得分匹配模型等微觀計量方法,估計產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對中國制造業(yè)企業(yè)生存的影響。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)：產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與企業(yè)生存概率呈明顯的倒“U”型特征。產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚能夠有效降低企業(yè)的倒閉風險,主要源于勞動力、資本等有形要素和知識、信息及管理經(jīng)驗等無形要素的聚集與流動。專業(yè)化經(jīng)濟和城市規(guī)模經(jīng)濟對我國制造業(yè)企業(yè)的生存產(chǎn)生了較為顯著的正向作用,但多樣化經(jīng)濟的影響并不顯著。大的市場規(guī)模降低了企業(yè)的臨界生產(chǎn)率水平,引致了企業(yè)競爭的加劇,從而增加了企業(yè)的消亡風險。在開放經(jīng)濟下,出口貿(mào)易能夠有效促進產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的正向作用,產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對出口企業(yè)生存時間的作用強度顯著優(yōu)于非出口企業(yè)。但專業(yè)化效應、多樣化效應和城市規(guī)模效應與出口貿(mào)易的交互作用均削弱了其對全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響。
[Abstract]:The survival of enterprises is a very important content in the study of economic management, and continuous operation is the basis for the development and expansion of all enterprises. The goal of enterprise management is survival, profit and development, and survival is the precondition of the latter two. With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the technology upgrading frequently, the market environment complex and changeable, the competition becoming more and more fierce, the enterprises are facing more and more pressure to survive. How to effectively improve the viability of enterprises has become an urgent problem. Industrial agglomeration produces positive externalities through the division and cooperation of upstream and downstream affiliated enterprises, the optimization of labor resources, the diffusion of knowledge and technology, and so on, so as to improve the survival ability of enterprises. Therefore, we take heterogeneous enterprises as the breakthrough point, by setting up the critical productivity, solving the equilibrium conditions, and taking the enterprise productivity as the transmission mechanism, we construct the theoretical model of the influence of industrial agglomeration on the survival of enterprises. The new economic geography theory ascribes the productivity advantage of heterogeneous enterprises to agglomeration effect. However, the new economic geography theory puts forward another approach, self-selection effect. The study of neglecting self-selection effect often overestimates the effect of agglomeration effect. In order to study the external effect of agglomeration, we embed the theory of Combes into the new and new economic geography frame, measured the agglomeration effect in the area with labor endowment, and got the positive correlation between industrial agglomeration and enterprise productivity. The existence of positive externality makes the production cost of enterprises decrease continuously, thus reducing the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises themselves. In an open economy, participation in international market access to advanced production processes and management methods can directly or indirectly exacerbate the "spillover effect" of enterprises and reduce their critical production costs. Further improve the viability of enterprises to promote their sustainable development. In the empirical test, the Ellison-Glaeser index, which excludes the influence of the scale effect of large enterprises, is used to measure the degree of industrial agglomeration. At the same time, the industrial agglomeration economy is subdivided into the specialized economy which measures the externality of the same industry and the urbanization economy which measures the externality of different industries. Based on the unified processing of microcosmic data of Chinese industrial enterprises, and based on the measurement of industrial agglomeration level in 4-digit industries and county-level regions, the survival analysis model and tendency score matching model are used to measure the level of industrial agglomeration. The influence of industrial agglomeration on the survival of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is estimated. The results show that the industrial agglomeration and the survival probability of the enterprise have obvious inverted "U" type characteristics. Industrial agglomeration can effectively reduce the risk of enterprise collapse mainly from the accumulation and flow of tangible elements such as labor capital and knowledge information management experience and other intangible elements. Specialization economy and urban scale economy have a significant positive effect on the survival of manufacturing enterprises in China, but the impact of diversified economy is not significant. The large market scale reduces the critical productivity level of the enterprise, leads to the aggravation of the enterprise competition, and increases the risk of the enterprise dying out. In the open economy, export trade can effectively promote the positive effect of industrial agglomeration on the productivity of enterprises, and the effect intensity of industrial agglomeration on the survival time of export enterprises is significantly better than that of non-export enterprises. However, specialization effect, diversification effect and the interaction between urban scale effect and export trade all weaken their influence on total factor productivity (TFP).
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F424

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