【摘要】：廣東省是我國(guó)主要的水稻種植區(qū)之一,屬于全國(guó)13個(gè)糧食主產(chǎn)省份之一。廣東省自然資源豐富,生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)良,光照充足,雨水豐富,適宜雙季稻的種植,是我國(guó)稻米生產(chǎn)的主產(chǎn)區(qū)。其中廣州市獨(dú)特的地理及氣候優(yōu)勢(shì),有利于成為農(nóng)作物的優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)出區(qū)。目前,廣州市耕地面積逐漸減少,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值的貢獻(xiàn)率遠(yuǎn)低于第二與第三產(chǎn)業(yè)。第一產(chǎn)業(yè)急需轉(zhuǎn)變與發(fā)展,特別是作為主要糧食作物的水稻。近年來(lái),由于農(nóng)民追求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,水稻種植面積減少,蔬果種植面積增加,導(dǎo)致水稻總產(chǎn)量逐年下降。本文通過(guò)查閱廣州統(tǒng)計(jì)信息網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù),分析了廣州市水稻種植的現(xiàn)狀。結(jié)果表明,近年來(lái)廣州市水稻耕地面積和稻谷產(chǎn)量開(kāi)始下降,從2010~2015年分別下降了5.07%和9.09%,播種面積從2012~2015年下降了4.85%。雖然政府部門(mén)通過(guò)各種手段擴(kuò)大耕地面積,但是廣州市每年減少的耕地面積都比當(dāng)年增加的耕地面積多,2012年耕地減少面積是增加面積的2倍,2013年、2014年和2015年分別達(dá)到了6.6倍、11.3倍和11.6倍。廣州市注重城市化發(fā)展,對(duì)第一產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展重視不夠。2010~2015年第一產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)總值貢獻(xiàn)率依次降低,2010~2015年第一產(chǎn)業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)率均未超過(guò)0.4%。同時(shí)廣州市水稻生產(chǎn)還存在一些問(wèn)題和不足:(1)農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)條件差;(2)稻谷產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)低下;(3)生產(chǎn)投入不足;(4)農(nóng)田環(huán)境惡化。本文通過(guò)對(duì)廣州市水稻種植現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,并與當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況相結(jié)合,剖析水稻發(fā)展中存在的問(wèn)題,探討改善當(dāng)前水稻種植現(xiàn)狀的對(duì)策,加快當(dāng)?shù)氐谝划a(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,提高農(nóng)民種植水稻的積極性,提高稻谷產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),為水稻高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)栽培提供較好的實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Guangdong Province is one of the main rice growing areas in China, belonging to one of the 13 major grain production provinces. Guangdong Province is rich in natural resources, good ecological environment, sufficient light, rich Rain Water, suitable for the cultivation of double cropping rice, and is the main rice production area in China. Among them, Guangzhou has unique geographical and climatic advantages, which is favorable for crop production. At present, the cultivated land area in Guangzhou decreases gradually, and the contribution rate of the primary industry to the regional GDP is much lower than that of the secondary and tertiary industries. The primary industry is in urgent need of transformation and development, especially rice as the main food crop. In recent years, due to the farmers' pursuit of economic benefits, the rice planting area decreased, and the fruit and vegetable planting area increased, which led to the decrease of the total rice yield year by year. Based on the data of Guangzhou Statistical Information Network, the present situation of rice planting in Guangzhou is analyzed in this paper. The results showed that rice cultivated land area and rice yield began to decrease in Guangzhou in recent years, from 2010 to 2015 by 5.07% and 9.09%, respectively, and the sowing area decreased from 2012 to 2015 by 4.85%. Although the government has expanded the area of cultivated land by various means, However, the area of cultivated land decreased in Guangzhou every year is more than that in that year. In 2012, the area of cultivated land was reduced by twice as much as the increase. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, the area of cultivated land decreased by 6.6 times, 11.3 times and 11.6 times, respectively, in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Guangzhou paid more attention to the development of urbanization. The contribution rate of the primary industry from 2010 to 2015 was decreased in turn. The contribution rate of the primary industry from 2010 to 2015 was not more than 0.4%. At the same time, there are some problems and deficiencies in rice production in Guangzhou: (1) poor basic condition of farmland; (2) low grain yield and quality; (3) insufficient input into production; (4) deterioration of farmland environment. By analyzing the present situation of rice planting in Guangzhou and combining with the actual situation in Guangzhou, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the development of rice, probes into the countermeasures to improve the present situation of rice cultivation, and speeds up the development of the local primary industry. To improve the enthusiasm of farmers to plant rice, to improve the yield and quality of rice, and to provide better practical guidance for rice cultivation with high yield and good quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F326.11

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