【摘要】：建筑工程項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)域中,出于投資控制以及項(xiàng)目績(jī)效的目的,發(fā)包人往往以其自身優(yōu)勢(shì)地位在建設(shè)工程招標(biāo)投標(biāo)階段的合同擬定過程中設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)格的控制性條款,確保工程項(xiàng)目投資的可控性以及既定項(xiàng)目績(jī)效的實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而,基于承包人“經(jīng)濟(jì)人”假設(shè)條件下擬定的嚴(yán)苛性合同條款忽略了承包人的“社會(huì)人”屬性,過于嚴(yán)苛的合同條款會(huì)引發(fā)承包人不公平感受,間接導(dǎo)致承包人消極履約乃至事后機(jī)會(huì)主義行為的發(fā)生,最終致使項(xiàng)目績(jī)效低下。契約參照點(diǎn)理論指出,事前契約是承包人判斷自身權(quán)利得失的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并影響其履約行為選擇。因此,項(xiàng)目履約績(jī)效改善的核心問題在于承包人感受自身權(quán)益是否得到公平對(duì)待。依據(jù)契約參照點(diǎn)理論研究邏輯,在建設(shè)工程領(lǐng)域中,發(fā)承包雙方之間簽訂的合同中規(guī)定雙方權(quán)益結(jié)果的條款也可作為參照點(diǎn),也會(huì)引起承包人公平感受。當(dāng)合同價(jià)款與承包人承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相匹配以及合同價(jià)款調(diào)整中己方權(quán)利得到了公正對(duì)待,則可認(rèn)為約定的合同是公平的。由此可知,發(fā)承包雙方之間締結(jié)的合同中涉及承包人應(yīng)得權(quán)益的合同條款是其判斷自身利益得失的參照點(diǎn),是觸發(fā)和誘導(dǎo)承包人公平感知的源頭。鑒于此,為了確定能誘發(fā)承包人公平感受的合同參照點(diǎn),文章擬選擇眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方法來探索承包人公平感受與具有公平感知特征的合同條款之間的穩(wěn)健關(guān)系。文章主要包括以下兩部分內(nèi)容:1、眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的設(shè)計(jì)研究基于相關(guān)研究的回顧和分析,為了更好的對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程進(jìn)行控制,以工程變更與物價(jià)波動(dòng)兩種情形進(jìn)行情境帶入,分別代表影響大和影響小兩種情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)材料為工程變更和物價(jià)波動(dòng)相關(guān)合同條款。首先對(duì)合同文本中的條款進(jìn)行提煉設(shè)置,使其具有可閱讀性。其次,為保證合同條款設(shè)置的合理性,選取30名不參加正式實(shí)驗(yàn)的承包人或從事合同管理相關(guān)研究的專家對(duì)合同條款設(shè)置的合理性進(jìn)行評(píng)定。最后,通過預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)材料進(jìn)行完善和修改,確定最終正式實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)材料。2、建設(shè)工程合同參照點(diǎn)集合的確定研究首先通過眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)收集承包人閱讀實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的注視點(diǎn)數(shù)、注視時(shí)間和熱點(diǎn)圖等眼動(dòng)指標(biāo),分析承包人對(duì)合同條款的關(guān)注度,從而得出建設(shè)工程合同中能引起承包人關(guān)注的合同條款。其次,眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后請(qǐng)每位被試填寫相關(guān)問卷并進(jìn)行半結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談,進(jìn)而了解承包人對(duì)不同實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的公平感受。最終與現(xiàn)有研究進(jìn)行對(duì)比,從而驗(yàn)證建設(shè)工程合同參照點(diǎn)與承包人心理感受之間的關(guān)系,確定工程項(xiàng)目合同參照點(diǎn)集合及其架構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:In the field of construction projects, for the purpose of investment control and project performance, the contractor often designs strict control clauses in the process of contract formulation in the bidding and bidding stage of construction projects. Ensure the controllability of project investment and the realization of established project performance. However, based on the strict contract clause drawn up under the assumption of "economic person" of the contractor, the "social person" attribute of the contractor is ignored, and the overly strict contract terms will lead to the unfair feeling of the contractor. It indirectly leads to the negative performance of the contractor and even the occurrence of opportunistic behavior after the event, and finally leads to the low performance of the project. According to the theory of contract reference point, prior contract is the only criterion for contractors to judge the gains and losses of their own rights, and affects the choice of performance behavior of contractors. Therefore, the core problem of the improvement of project performance is whether the contractor feels that his own rights and interests have been treated fairly. According to the theory of contract reference point, in the field of construction engineering, the clause stipulated in the contract signed between the two parties can also be used as the reference point, which will also cause the contractor to feel fair. When the contract price matches the risk borne by the contractor and the rights of one's own party are treated fairly in the adjustment of the contract price, the agreed contract can be considered to be fair. It can be seen that the contract clause in the contract concluded between the contractor and the contractor is the reference point for them to judge the gain and loss of their own interests, and it is the source of trigger and induce the contractor's fair perception. In view of this, in order to determine the contract reference point which can induce the contractor's fair feeling, this paper intends to choose the experimental research method of eye movement to explore the robust relationship between the contractor's fair feeling and the contract terms with the characteristics of fair perception. The article mainly includes the following two parts: 1. The design and research of eye movement experimental materials is based on the review and analysis of related research. In order to better control the experimental process, the situation is brought into the situation of engineering change and price fluctuation. It represents two kinds of cases: big influence and small influence. The experimental materials are contract terms related to engineering changes and price fluctuations. First of all, the terms of the contract text are refined and set up to make it readable. Secondly, in order to ensure the rationality of the contract clause setting, 30 contractors who did not participate in the formal experiment or experts engaged in the relevant research of contract management were selected to evaluate the rationality of the contract clause setting. Finally, the experimental materials are improved and modified through the pre-experiment, and the experimental materials for the final formal experiment are determined. 2, Research on the determination of reference Point set in Construction Project contract firstly, the eye movement indexes such as gaze points, gaze time and hot spot diagram of the contractor reading the experimental materials are collected through the eye movement experiment, and the contractor's attention to the terms of the contract is analyzed. Thus, the contract terms which can attract the attention of the contractor in the construction project contract are obtained. Secondly, after the eye movement experiment, each subject was asked to fill out the relevant questionnaire and conduct a semi-structured interview, so as to understand the contractor's fair feelings about different experimental materials. Finally, it is compared with the existing research to verify the relationship between the reference point of the construction contract and the psychological feeling of the contractor, and to determine the set of reference points of the contract of the project and its structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F284

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