發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 14:20

【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國對外經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系不斷加強,國內(nèi)市場不斷開放,在取得巨大經(jīng)濟建設成就的同時并未建立起相應的統(tǒng)一、開放、競爭、有序的國內(nèi)市場體系。我國的市場分割源于上世紀80年代初期中央政府推行的以"財政包干"為核心的行政分權改革,各地方政府為獲得更多的政治晉升機會競相采取行政管制手段來限制市場自由流通。雖然我國在消除地方保護主義、削弱市場分割的努力已經(jīng)取得一定成效,但在要素市場中,勞動力市場的地方保護最為嚴重,即勞動力市場分割程度最大。勞動力市場分割,或勞動力流動壁壘是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象源于改革開放前限制人口流動的傳統(tǒng)政策導向,雖然上個世紀九十年代,我國沿海經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)先后出現(xiàn)"民工潮",大規(guī)模的勞動力實現(xiàn)了跨區(qū)域頻繁流動,尤其是2000年以后,我國逐步清理對勞動力流動造成歧視性的規(guī)章制度及相關措施,我國進入了勞動力流動遷移最為活躍的時期,但勞動力跨區(qū)域、跨城鄉(xiāng)、跨行業(yè)流動依然面臨各種壁壘。勞動力流動壁壘的存在,分割了我國勞動力市場,降低了勞動力市場配置效率,阻礙我國經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。同時,在我國經(jīng)濟步入新常態(tài)的現(xiàn)實背景下,消除勞動力流動壁壘,構建統(tǒng)一的國內(nèi)勞動力市場是推進結構改革,釋放改革紅利,保障經(jīng)濟中高速增長的應有之義。本文利用各省暫住證數(shù)據(jù),實證研究我國勞動力流動是否存在省際邊界壁壘,即勞動力跨省流動是否受到各省之間行政邊界的負面影響。本文通過分析代表性居民的就業(yè)區(qū)位選擇,得出宏觀上勞動力流動的實證模型,并采用31個省2002-2014年面板數(shù)據(jù)來估計省際邊界虛擬變量對勞動力流動的影響。結果表明,該變量的估計系數(shù)顯著為負,說明我國勞動力流動存在省際邊界壁壘,該壁壘的存在導致在全國層面上2014年省際勞動力總流動潛在減少了 21.45%至30.14%。同時,勞動力流動預期收入增加能顯著促進勞動力流動,而就業(yè)機會部分影響勞動力流動。本文還分別利用務工與服務,務工、服務與經(jīng)商,務工、服務與務農(nóng)動機的暫住證數(shù)據(jù)替代所有動機的暫住證數(shù)據(jù),結果證明上述結論具有很好的穩(wěn)健性。本文還進一步探究了我國勞動力流動省際邊界壁壘是否在東、中、西部之間存在區(qū)域差異,在考慮了勞動力跨區(qū)域流動時可能受到同樣不可觀測因素影響的情況下,采用似不相關回歸模型(SUR)對省級面板數(shù)據(jù)進行估計,研究結果表明我國東、中、西部勞動力流動省際邊界壁壘依次遞增,并且西部地區(qū)的勞動力流動省際邊界壁壘分別比東部地區(qū)和中部地區(qū)大 33.1%～51.9%和 66.2%～103.8%。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign economic ties have been strengthened, the domestic market has been continuously open, and the domestic market system has not been set up in a unified, open, competitive and orderly manner while it has made great achievements in economic construction. Market segmentation in our country stems from the central government's reform of administrative decentralization, which was carried out by the central government in the early 1980s. Local governments are competing for more opportunities for political advancement by adopting administrative controls to limit the free flow of markets. Although our country has achieved some results in eliminating local protectionism and weakening market segmentation, in the factor market, the local protection of labor market is the most serious, that is, labor market segmentation is the largest. Labor market segmentation, or barriers to labour mobility, is a common phenomenon that stems from the traditional policy of restricting population mobility before the reform and opening up, although in the 1990s, In the developed coastal areas of China, there has been a "wave of civil workers" successively, and large-scale labor force has realized frequent cross-regional mobility. Especially after 2000, China has gradually cleaned up the rules and regulations and related measures that are discriminatory to the movement of labor force. China has entered the most active period of labor mobility and migration, but the labor force is still facing various barriers across regions, urban and rural areas and industries. The existence of labor flow barriers has divided the labor market of our country, reduced the efficiency of labor market allocation, and hindered the sustained and stable development of our country's economy. At the same time, under the background of our country's economy stepping into the new normal, eliminating the barriers of labor flow and constructing a unified domestic labor market is the proper meaning of promoting structural reform, releasing the reform dividend and ensuring the rapid growth of the economy. Based on the provincial temporary residence permit data, this paper empirically studies whether there are interprovincial boundary barriers to labor mobility in China, that is, whether the inter-provincial labor mobility is negatively affected by the administrative boundary between provinces. By analyzing the employment location choice of representative residents, this paper obtains an empirical model of labor mobility in macro level, and estimates the effect of virtual variables of provincial boundaries on labor mobility by using the panel data of 31 provinces from 2002 to 2014. The results show that the estimated coefficient of this variable is significantly negative, indicating that there are interprovincial boundary barriers to labor mobility in China, which leads to a potential reduction of 21.45% to 30.14% in the total provincial labor flow in 2014 at the national level. At the same time, the increase of expected income of labor mobility can significantly promote labor mobility, while employment opportunities partly affect labor mobility. This paper also uses the temporary residence permit data of workers and services, workers, service and business, workers, service and agricultural motivation to replace the temporary residence permit data of all motivations. The results show that the above conclusions have good robustness. This paper also explores whether there are regional differences between the east, middle and western regions of the interprovincial boundary barriers of labor mobility in China, and considering the influence of the same unobservable factors on the cross-regional mobility of labor force. The provincial panel data are estimated by using seemingly unrelated regression model (SUR). The results show that the interprovincial boundary barriers of labor mobility in the east, middle and west of China increase in turn. Moreover, the interprovincial boundary barriers of labor mobility in western China are 51.9% and 103.8% larger than those in eastern and central regions, respectively.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.2

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