移動配送模式下快速響應需求的車輛動態(tài)調(diào)度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-28 21:26
【摘要】：在電子商務(wù)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)快速發(fā)展的背景下,越來越多的領(lǐng)域開始應用移動網(wǎng)絡(luò),并不斷改變著人們的消費模式,城市配送需求也在不斷發(fā)生著變化。送貨上門成為配送服務(wù)優(yōu)勢的同時也給配送端帶來了更高的挑戰(zhàn),為維持市場份額,配送端往往存在著配送成本高與配送時效低之間的矛盾,如何滿足日益增長的城市配送是配送端亟待解決的問題�？梢哉f,對顧客進行產(chǎn)品的及時配送是企業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵,而適當?shù)能囕v調(diào)度方式是縮短配送時間和降低配送成本的重要因素之一。一方面隨著消費結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,更多需求呈現(xiàn)出隨機性、時效性強等特點;另一方面隨著市區(qū)租賃成本增高以及部分功能外移等,城區(qū)末端配送中心或配送站出現(xiàn)數(shù)量或面積縮減等現(xiàn)象,而為維持市場份額,實現(xiàn)動態(tài)需求環(huán)境下配送服務(wù)的快速響應也成為末端配送關(guān)注的焦點。因此本文在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對需求隨機性高、時效性強、需求頻率較高的配送作業(yè)提出一種移動配送模式,建立了相應的車輛調(diào)度模型,給相關(guān)產(chǎn)品末端配送業(yè)務(wù)提供一定參考。本文主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)針對某些末端需求隨機性強、時效性強、需求頻率較高等特點以及配送特點,提出了適合末端配送站點或銷售點的移動配送模式,即將配送車輛視為移動小型配送站,車中庫存為動態(tài)可分配資源,根據(jù)站點動態(tài)指令實時快速響應配送,無貨時可回站點取貨,當前無任務(wù)且有庫存可在原地待命而無須返回站點,以減少車輛的無效運輸和前置時間,提高訂單的配送效率;并對移動配送模式的適用范圍和配送特點進行分析總結(jié),得出了"移動配送+實時調(diào)度"的應用范圍和優(yōu)勢。(2)結(jié)合已有的車輛調(diào)度研究基礎(chǔ)、移動配送模式特點以及實際配送情況,考慮當動態(tài)訂單到達時,如果車中實際庫存不足中途車輛可回站點裝載情況下接受路徑優(yōu)化,而非舍棄其優(yōu)化資格;首先建立了移動配送模式下不帶時間窗的車輛動態(tài)調(diào)度模型;然后結(jié)合末端配售特點,在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了以承諾交付時間為時間窗且考慮車輛反應時間的車輛動態(tài)調(diào)度模型,使得在相同條件下配送成本和懲罰成本盡可能低。(3)結(jié)合實地調(diào)研情況,以桶裝飲用水行業(yè)為背景,北京市一末端水站點配送情況為例,對移動配送模式以及車輛調(diào)度模型的運用進行測驗;運用MATLAB進行算法編程,對隨機動態(tài)訂單進行車輛調(diào)度和路徑優(yōu)化,結(jié)果表明本文提出的"移動配送+實時調(diào)度"可以提高訂單的反應速率和配送效率、減少車輛的無效運輸,實現(xiàn)快速配送的同時降低配送成本。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of electronic commerce and information network, more and more fields begin to use mobile network, and constantly change the consumption pattern of people, and the demand of urban distribution is also changing. Door-to-door delivery has become the advantage of distribution service, but also brought higher challenges to the distribution end. In order to maintain market share, the distribution end often has the contradiction between high distribution cost and low distribution efficiency. How to satisfy the increasing urban distribution is an urgent problem to be solved. It can be said that timely delivery of products to customers is the key to the success of enterprises, and appropriate vehicle scheduling is one of the important factors to shorten the delivery time and reduce the cost of distribution. On the one hand, with the change of consumption structure, more demand presents some characteristics such as randomness and strong timeliness; on the other hand, with the increase of rental costs in urban areas and the outward migration of some functions, In order to maintain the market share and realize the rapid response of the distribution service in the dynamic demand environment, the terminal distribution center or distribution station has become the focus of attention. Therefore, based on the existing research, this paper proposes a mobile distribution model for the distribution operations with high demand randomness, high timeliness and high demand frequency, and establishes the corresponding vehicle scheduling model. To provide some reference for the related product terminal distribution business. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the characteristics of some terminal demand such as strong randomness, strong timeliness, high demand frequency and distribution characteristics, a mobile distribution mode suitable for terminal distribution site or point of sale is put forward. The distribution vehicle is regarded as a small mobile distribution station, the inventory in the vehicle is dynamically distributable resources, according to the site dynamic instructions real-time response to the distribution, no goods can be returned to the site to pick up goods, At present, there is no task and inventory can be put on standby without returning to the station, in order to reduce the invalid transportation and lead time of vehicles, improve the distribution efficiency of orders, and analyze and summarize the applicable scope and distribution characteristics of mobile distribution mode. The application scope and advantages of "real-time dispatch of mobile distribution" are obtained. (2) considering the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, considering the dynamic order when the arrival of the dynamic order, combined with the existing research foundation of vehicle scheduling, the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, If the vehicle in the vehicle is in short inventory, the vehicle can be loaded back to the station to accept the route optimization, instead of abandoning its optimization qualification. Firstly, the vehicle dynamic scheduling model without time window is established in the mobile distribution mode. Then, according to the characteristics of end-placement, a vehicle dynamic scheduling model with the time window of commitment delivery time and considering the reaction time of vehicle is established. Under the same conditions, the cost of distribution and punishment is as low as possible. (3) combining with the field investigation, taking the barreled drinking water industry as the background, the distribution situation of the water station at the end of Beijing is taken as an example. The application of mobile distribution model and vehicle scheduling model is tested, and the algorithm programming with MATLAB is used to carry out vehicle scheduling and route optimization for random dynamic orders. The results show that the proposed "mobile distribution real-time scheduling" can improve the order response rate and delivery efficiency, reduce the invalid transportation of vehicles, and achieve rapid distribution while reducing the cost of distribution.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F252.1
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of electronic commerce and information network, more and more fields begin to use mobile network, and constantly change the consumption pattern of people, and the demand of urban distribution is also changing. Door-to-door delivery has become the advantage of distribution service, but also brought higher challenges to the distribution end. In order to maintain market share, the distribution end often has the contradiction between high distribution cost and low distribution efficiency. How to satisfy the increasing urban distribution is an urgent problem to be solved. It can be said that timely delivery of products to customers is the key to the success of enterprises, and appropriate vehicle scheduling is one of the important factors to shorten the delivery time and reduce the cost of distribution. On the one hand, with the change of consumption structure, more demand presents some characteristics such as randomness and strong timeliness; on the other hand, with the increase of rental costs in urban areas and the outward migration of some functions, In order to maintain the market share and realize the rapid response of the distribution service in the dynamic demand environment, the terminal distribution center or distribution station has become the focus of attention. Therefore, based on the existing research, this paper proposes a mobile distribution model for the distribution operations with high demand randomness, high timeliness and high demand frequency, and establishes the corresponding vehicle scheduling model. To provide some reference for the related product terminal distribution business. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the characteristics of some terminal demand such as strong randomness, strong timeliness, high demand frequency and distribution characteristics, a mobile distribution mode suitable for terminal distribution site or point of sale is put forward. The distribution vehicle is regarded as a small mobile distribution station, the inventory in the vehicle is dynamically distributable resources, according to the site dynamic instructions real-time response to the distribution, no goods can be returned to the site to pick up goods, At present, there is no task and inventory can be put on standby without returning to the station, in order to reduce the invalid transportation and lead time of vehicles, improve the distribution efficiency of orders, and analyze and summarize the applicable scope and distribution characteristics of mobile distribution mode. The application scope and advantages of "real-time dispatch of mobile distribution" are obtained. (2) considering the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, considering the dynamic order when the arrival of the dynamic order, combined with the existing research foundation of vehicle scheduling, the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, If the vehicle in the vehicle is in short inventory, the vehicle can be loaded back to the station to accept the route optimization, instead of abandoning its optimization qualification. Firstly, the vehicle dynamic scheduling model without time window is established in the mobile distribution mode. Then, according to the characteristics of end-placement, a vehicle dynamic scheduling model with the time window of commitment delivery time and considering the reaction time of vehicle is established. Under the same conditions, the cost of distribution and punishment is as low as possible. (3) combining with the field investigation, taking the barreled drinking water industry as the background, the distribution situation of the water station at the end of Beijing is taken as an example. The application of mobile distribution model and vehicle scheduling model is tested, and the algorithm programming with MATLAB is used to carry out vehicle scheduling and route optimization for random dynamic orders. The results show that the proposed "mobile distribution real-time scheduling" can improve the order response rate and delivery efficiency, reduce the invalid transportation of vehicles, and achieve rapid distribution while reducing the cost of distribution.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F252.1
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