滿意度評估導向的積極就業(yè)政策優(yōu)化問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 15:55
【摘要】：就業(yè)是民生之本,也是經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的永恒主題。為此,我國2002年啟動了涵蓋職業(yè)培訓、職業(yè)介紹、小額擔保貸款等諸多項目的積極就業(yè)政策,對于守住民生底線、維持社會穩(wěn)定功不可沒。近十年來每年幾百億的就業(yè)專項資金是否達到了預期效果、真正惠及了目標群體,需要對政策績效進行科學準確的評估。但在實踐上,我國長期僅僅關(guān)注就業(yè)率和收入指標,對滿意度這一社會效益指標缺乏重視。在理論研究上,國內(nèi)外學者針對積極就業(yè)政策這一領域的滿意度評估尚為罕見,方法上也沒有很好地控制個體自選擇和地區(qū)異質(zhì)性帶來的內(nèi)生性問題,同時尚未能形成多項目的評估體系,無助于個體在項目間的最優(yōu)選擇�；诖�,本研究在Rubin因果模型框架下,以人力資本投資理論、自雇傭理論和幸福經(jīng)濟學理論為基礎,借助2008年世界銀行積極就業(yè)計劃抽樣調(diào)查和2014-2015補充調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),以職業(yè)培訓和小額擔保貸款項目為例,進行積極就業(yè)多項目的滿意度評估。首先采用多層模型和傾向值匹配法同時控制個體及地區(qū)異質(zhì)性造成的選擇偏差,然后基于匹配后的平衡樣本并綜合宏微觀信息,評估兩項目滿意度相對績效,并探究個體特征、地區(qū)特征與項目自身特征三者影響滿意度的不同機理。實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1.積極就業(yè)項目實施并不是隨機分配的,個體自選擇和地區(qū)異質(zhì)性對項目相對效應影響顯著。個體層面上,工作單位在城市的、女性失業(yè)者更傾向于參加培訓,年長、健康、城鎮(zhèn)戶口、中高學歷、工作經(jīng)驗豐富、黨員身份的人群更傾向選擇小貸;地區(qū)層面上,失業(yè)率越高、就業(yè)支出增長率越高的地區(qū)則越青睞小貸項目。個體自選擇和地區(qū)異質(zhì)性分別使培訓相對效果被低估0.09和0.04分,真實的兩項目滿意度差異接近0.24分。2.項目效果差異還來自于宏微觀因素造成的反應差異。從項目平均相對績效來看,微宏觀變量作用于不同項目滿意度的傳導機制、方向及程度均有差別,城鎮(zhèn)戶籍、非黨員身份等微觀特征對小貸項目滿意度有正向作用,對培訓項目則是負向作用;高增長率、高失業(yè)率和收入分配公平等宏觀層面因素對培訓項目滿意度有促進作用,對小貸項目滿意度的影響則相反;小貸項目的較高滿意度評價主要來源于個體工作信心的提升,培訓項目則來自于生活水平的改善,且均不來源于收入的增加。從項目滿意度邊際效應來看,各因素影響力度大小由高滿意度區(qū)間向低滿意度區(qū)間呈逐漸減弱的趨勢。3.年齡、性別、就業(yè)支出增長率等在進行項目選擇時重點考慮的因素對滿意度的影響并不顯著,而影響滿意度的經(jīng)濟增長率和不公平程度等因素對項目選擇影響甚微,反映了政府進行項目對象事前甄選時沒有遵循滿意度導向,而可能是以就業(yè)率、收入等客觀績效為綱,“逆向分配”大大削弱了積極就業(yè)項目對社會維穩(wěn)的作用。據(jù)此,提出三點政策建議:一是建立專業(yè)化的積極就業(yè)政策第三方評估機構(gòu),構(gòu)筑宏微觀信息相結(jié)合的多項目評估體系;二是完善各項目對象甄選機制,優(yōu)化區(qū)域間組合分配,建立項目對象信息大數(shù)據(jù)庫,精準施策;三是堅持政策評估的滿意度導向,打造“回應型”政府,具體又包括暢通民意訴求渠道、建立有效回應機制和加強項目評估成果的轉(zhuǎn)化。通過以上措施,助力資源最優(yōu)配置和社會公平穩(wěn)定的實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Employment is the foundation of the people's livelihood and the eternal theme of economic and social development. In 2002, China started the active employment policy of many projects, including vocational training, career introduction, small guarantee loan and so on. It can not be ignored for keeping the bottom line of the people's livelihood and maintaining social stability. In the past ten years, there have been hundreds of billions of special employment funds per year. The expected effect, which really benefits the target group, needs a scientific and accurate assessment of the policy performance. However, in practice, our country is only paying attention to the employment rate and income index for a long time, and lack of attention to the social benefit index of satisfaction. In theoretical research, the domestic and foreign scholars are still evaluating the satisfaction of the positive employment policy in this field. It is rare to control the endogenous problems of individual self selection and regional heterogeneity, and not to form a multi project evaluation system, which is not conducive to the optimal choice between individuals. Based on this, the research is based on the theory of human capital investment, self employment theory and happiness economics under the framework of Rubin causality model. On the basis of the theory, with the use of the 2008 World Bank positive employment plan sampling survey and 2014-2015 supplementary survey data, the job training and small guarantee loan projects are taken as an example to evaluate the satisfaction of the positive employment multiple projects. First, the multi layer model and the tendency matching method are used to control the selection deviation caused by the individual and the regional heterogeneity simultaneously. Then, based on the matched balance sample and integrated macro and micro information, the relative performance of the two project satisfaction was evaluated, and the individual characteristics, the regional characteristics and the project self characteristics three affected the different mechanisms of satisfaction. The empirical study found that the implementation of 1. positive employment projects was not randomly assigned, individual self selection and regional heterogeneity were the same. The relative effect of the project is significant. On the individual level, the working unit is in the city, the female unemployed are more inclined to take part in the training, the years, the health, the urban residence, the high education, the working experience, the party members' status, more inclined to choose small loans; the higher the area level, the higher the unemployment rate and the higher the employment expenditure growth rate, the smaller the favor is smaller. The individual self selection and regional heterogeneity make the relative effectiveness of the training underestimated 0.09 and 0.04 points respectively, and the real two project satisfaction differences are close to 0.24.2.. The difference in the effect of the project is also derived from the response differences caused by macro and micro factors. From the average relative performance of the project, the micro macro variables play a role in the transmission of the satisfaction of different projects. The mechanism, the direction and the degree are different. The micro characteristics of the urban household registration and non party membership have positive effect on the satisfaction of the small loan projects, and the negative effect on the training projects. The macro level factors such as high growth rate, high unemployment rate and income distribution equity have a promoting effect on the satisfaction of the training projects, and the impact on the satisfaction of the small loan projects is the same. The higher satisfaction evaluation of the small loan projects mainly comes from the improvement of individual job confidence, and the training projects come from the improvement of the living standard and not from the increase of income. From the point of view of the marginal effect of the project satisfaction, the size of the influence of each factor is gradually weakened from the high degree of satisfaction to the low degree of satisfaction in.3. years. The factors such as age, sex, employment expenditure growth rate and so on are not significantly affected by the factors that focus on the selection of the project, but the economic growth rate and the unfair degree affecting the satisfaction have little influence on the project selection, which reflects that the government does not follow the satisfaction orientation in the selection of the project object before the project selection. On the basis of objective performance such as industry rate and income, "reverse distribution" greatly weakened the effect of active employment on social stability. Accordingly, three policy suggestions were put forward: first, the establishment of a professional positive employment policy third party evaluation institutions, the construction of a multi project evaluation system combined with macro and micro information; and two to improve the selection of various project objects. In order to optimize the distribution of interregional combination, establish a large database of project object information, and set up a precise policy, three is to adhere to the satisfaction orientation of the policy assessment, create a "response type" government, and specifically include the channel of unimpeded public opinion appeal, the establishment of an effective response mechanism and the transformation of the project evaluation into fruit. Through the above measures, the optimal allocation of resources is made. And the realization of social fairness and stability.
【學位授予單位】：中南財經(jīng)政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.2
本文編號：2130167
[Abstract]:Employment is the foundation of the people's livelihood and the eternal theme of economic and social development. In 2002, China started the active employment policy of many projects, including vocational training, career introduction, small guarantee loan and so on. It can not be ignored for keeping the bottom line of the people's livelihood and maintaining social stability. In the past ten years, there have been hundreds of billions of special employment funds per year. The expected effect, which really benefits the target group, needs a scientific and accurate assessment of the policy performance. However, in practice, our country is only paying attention to the employment rate and income index for a long time, and lack of attention to the social benefit index of satisfaction. In theoretical research, the domestic and foreign scholars are still evaluating the satisfaction of the positive employment policy in this field. It is rare to control the endogenous problems of individual self selection and regional heterogeneity, and not to form a multi project evaluation system, which is not conducive to the optimal choice between individuals. Based on this, the research is based on the theory of human capital investment, self employment theory and happiness economics under the framework of Rubin causality model. On the basis of the theory, with the use of the 2008 World Bank positive employment plan sampling survey and 2014-2015 supplementary survey data, the job training and small guarantee loan projects are taken as an example to evaluate the satisfaction of the positive employment multiple projects. First, the multi layer model and the tendency matching method are used to control the selection deviation caused by the individual and the regional heterogeneity simultaneously. Then, based on the matched balance sample and integrated macro and micro information, the relative performance of the two project satisfaction was evaluated, and the individual characteristics, the regional characteristics and the project self characteristics three affected the different mechanisms of satisfaction. The empirical study found that the implementation of 1. positive employment projects was not randomly assigned, individual self selection and regional heterogeneity were the same. The relative effect of the project is significant. On the individual level, the working unit is in the city, the female unemployed are more inclined to take part in the training, the years, the health, the urban residence, the high education, the working experience, the party members' status, more inclined to choose small loans; the higher the area level, the higher the unemployment rate and the higher the employment expenditure growth rate, the smaller the favor is smaller. The individual self selection and regional heterogeneity make the relative effectiveness of the training underestimated 0.09 and 0.04 points respectively, and the real two project satisfaction differences are close to 0.24.2.. The difference in the effect of the project is also derived from the response differences caused by macro and micro factors. From the average relative performance of the project, the micro macro variables play a role in the transmission of the satisfaction of different projects. The mechanism, the direction and the degree are different. The micro characteristics of the urban household registration and non party membership have positive effect on the satisfaction of the small loan projects, and the negative effect on the training projects. The macro level factors such as high growth rate, high unemployment rate and income distribution equity have a promoting effect on the satisfaction of the training projects, and the impact on the satisfaction of the small loan projects is the same. The higher satisfaction evaluation of the small loan projects mainly comes from the improvement of individual job confidence, and the training projects come from the improvement of the living standard and not from the increase of income. From the point of view of the marginal effect of the project satisfaction, the size of the influence of each factor is gradually weakened from the high degree of satisfaction to the low degree of satisfaction in.3. years. The factors such as age, sex, employment expenditure growth rate and so on are not significantly affected by the factors that focus on the selection of the project, but the economic growth rate and the unfair degree affecting the satisfaction have little influence on the project selection, which reflects that the government does not follow the satisfaction orientation in the selection of the project object before the project selection. On the basis of objective performance such as industry rate and income, "reverse distribution" greatly weakened the effect of active employment on social stability. Accordingly, three policy suggestions were put forward: first, the establishment of a professional positive employment policy third party evaluation institutions, the construction of a multi project evaluation system combined with macro and micro information; and two to improve the selection of various project objects. In order to optimize the distribution of interregional combination, establish a large database of project object information, and set up a precise policy, three is to adhere to the satisfaction orientation of the policy assessment, create a "response type" government, and specifically include the channel of unimpeded public opinion appeal, the establishment of an effective response mechanism and the transformation of the project evaluation into fruit. Through the above measures, the optimal allocation of resources is made. And the realization of social fairness and stability.
【學位授予單位】：中南財經(jīng)政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.2
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 李銳;常然君;;滿意度評估導向的就業(yè)政策資源優(yōu)化配置研究——結(jié)合宏微觀信息的多項目實證分析[J];世界經(jīng)濟文匯;2016年05期
2 英明;魏淑艷;;中國特色積極就業(yè)政策效果分析:一個評估框架[J];東北大學學報(社會科學版);2016年03期
3 李銳;黃金鵬;趙曼;;市場“效率”與政府“公平”的協(xié)同——基于積極勞動力市場項目第三方評估機制研究[J];財貿(mào)經(jīng)濟;2015年03期
4 李銳;黃金鵬;;政府在資源再分配中的正向效應研究[J];財政研究;2014年12期
5 周振;牛立騰;孔祥智;;戶籍歧視與城鄉(xiāng)勞動力工資差異——基于傾向值的匹配分析[J];區(qū)域經(jīng)濟評論;2014年04期
6 湯鳳林;雷鵬飛;;收入差距、居民幸福感與公共支出政策——來自中國社會綜合調(diào)查的經(jīng)驗分析[J];經(jīng)濟學動態(tài);2014年04期
7 于艷芳;宮真真;;促進就業(yè)的積極勞動力市場政策研究[J];當代經(jīng)濟管理;2013年12期
8 陳剛;李樹;;管制、腐敗與幸�！獊碜訡GSS(2006)的經(jīng)驗證據(jù)[J];世界經(jīng)濟文匯;2013年04期
9 修新田;陳秋華;沈芝琴;;福建省就業(yè)專項資金績效評價體系研究[J];技術(shù)與創(chuàng)新管理;2013年03期
10 胡洪曙;魯元平;;公共支出與農(nóng)民主觀幸福感——基于CGSS數(shù)據(jù)的實證分析[J];財貿(mào)經(jīng)濟;2012年10期
，本文編號：2130167
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/jingjifazhanlunwen/2130167.html
最近更新
教材專著
