本文選題：非農(nóng)自雇 + 收入流動��； 參考：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,從事非農(nóng)自雇活動的個體數(shù)量在發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家增長迅速,因此包括創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)業(yè)在內的非農(nóng)自雇活動越來越受到政府部門的重視,認為自雇活動可以擴大就業(yè),在一定程度上對解決就業(yè)問題有更為積極的作用,與此同時還認為自雇活動有利于促進個體收入在縱向上的流動。隨著對收入分配問題的不斷探索,已經(jīng)有越來越多的學者開始注意到收入流動性問題,從動態(tài)的角度來研究個體期初、期末的收入變動情況。雖然在一段時間內我們無法有效解決日趨嚴重的收入差距問題,但可以從保障機會均等的角度出發(fā),保障每個中等收入者甚至是低收入者都具有向上流動到更高階層的機會。通過提高收入流動性,暢通收入流動機制,促進個體在收入層級上的變動,來扭轉"不患寡而患不均"這一社會問題所帶來的負面影響。本文研究的主要內容是測算非農(nóng)自雇者的收入流動性,并實證分析影響非農(nóng)自雇群體收入變動的具體因素。根據(jù)中山大學社會科學調查中心開展的"中國勞動力動態(tài)調查"(CLDS)提供的微觀調查數(shù)據(jù),利用收入轉換矩陣這一收入流動性測算工具,對從事非農(nóng)自雇活動的群體及工資雇員群體的收入流動性進行測度。對于兩者之間的關系,即自雇活動對收入流動性的影響,選擇Multinomial Logit模型進行回歸分析,來探究影響自雇者收入變動的具體因素。所得出的結論是相比于工資雇員,自雇者具有更高的收入流動性。其中個體初始收入地位、個體特征、人力資本等因素都對其收入變動有較為顯著的影響。根據(jù)所得出的結論,對政府推動非農(nóng)自雇活動提出的建議是,政府應該理性引導大眾從事自雇活動,為自雇群體提供更多的職業(yè)技能培訓;制定完善的社會保障制度,以減輕自雇者的創(chuàng)業(yè)負擔;消除勞動力市場上的就業(yè)歧視,為農(nóng)村中從事自雇活動的勞動者提供更多職業(yè)技能培訓和工作崗位;利用稅收、轉移支付等財政手段降低階層固化趨勢。本文的主要創(chuàng)新之處在于,以往學者們對個體選擇自雇的影響因素做了大量研究,但是對自雇個體的收入變動情況,相關研究還沒有給予足夠的關注。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of individuals engaged in non-agricultural self-employment activities has grown rapidly in both developed and developing countries. As a result, non-agricultural self-employment activities, including innovation and entrepreneurship, have received increasing attention from government departments, arguing that self-employment activities can expand employment.To some extent, it plays a more active role in solving the problem of employment. At the same time, self-employed activities help to promote the vertical mobility of individual income.With the continuous exploration of the income distribution problem, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the problem of income mobility, from the dynamic point of view to study the income changes at the beginning and end of the individual.Although we can not effectively solve the growing income gap for a period of time, we can ensure that every middle-income or even low-income person has the opportunity to move upward to the higher class from the point of view of ensuring equal opportunities.By improving the income mobility, unblocking the mechanism of income flow and promoting the change of individual income level, the negative influence of the social problem of "not being rich but uneven" can be reversed.The main content of this paper is to measure the income mobility of non-agricultural self-employed people, and to analyze the specific factors that affect the income change of non-agricultural self-employed groups.According to the microcosmic survey data provided by China Labor Force Dynamics Survey conducted by the Social Science Survey Center of Sun Yat-sen University, this paper uses the income conversion matrix as an income mobility measurement tool.This paper measures the income mobility of non-farm self-employed groups and wage employees.For the relationship between the two, that is, the effect of self-employed activities on income mobility, the Multinomial Logit model is selected to analyze the specific factors that affect the income change of self-employed persons.The conclusion is that self-employed people have higher income mobility than wage employees.Among them, the initial income status, individual characteristics, human capital and other factors have a significant impact on the change of income.According to the conclusion, the suggestion to the government to promote non-agricultural self-employment is that the government should rationally lead the public to engage in self-employment activities, provide more vocational skills training for self-employed groups, and formulate a sound social security system.To reduce the entrepreneurial burden on self-employed persons; to eliminate employment discrimination in the labour market and to provide more vocational skills training and jobs for self-employed workers in rural areas; and to take advantage of taxes,Transfer payments and other financial means to reduce class solidification trend.The main innovation of this paper is that previous scholars have done a lot of research on the influence factors of individual self-employment, but the related research has not paid enough attention to the income change of self-employed individuals.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F124.7;F249.21

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