本文選題：非農(nóng)自雇 + 收入流動(dòng)��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),從事非農(nóng)自雇活動(dòng)的個(gè)體數(shù)量在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家增長(zhǎng)迅速,因此包括創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)業(yè)在內(nèi)的非農(nóng)自雇活動(dòng)越來(lái)越受到政府部門的重視,認(rèn)為自雇活動(dòng)可以擴(kuò)大就業(yè),在一定程度上對(duì)解決就業(yè)問(wèn)題有更為積極的作用,與此同時(shí)還認(rèn)為自雇活動(dòng)有利于促進(jìn)個(gè)體收入在縱向上的流動(dòng)。隨著對(duì)收入分配問(wèn)題的不斷探索,已經(jīng)有越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者開(kāi)始注意到收入流動(dòng)性問(wèn)題,從動(dòng)態(tài)的角度來(lái)研究個(gè)體期初、期末的收入變動(dòng)情況。雖然在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)我們無(wú)法有效解決日趨嚴(yán)重的收入差距問(wèn)題,但可以從保障機(jī)會(huì)均等的角度出發(fā),保障每個(gè)中等收入者甚至是低收入者都具有向上流動(dòng)到更高階層的機(jī)會(huì)。通過(guò)提高收入流動(dòng)性,暢通收入流動(dòng)機(jī)制,促進(jìn)個(gè)體在收入層級(jí)上的變動(dòng),來(lái)扭轉(zhuǎn)"不患寡而患不均"這一社會(huì)問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容是測(cè)算非農(nóng)自雇者的收入流動(dòng)性,并實(shí)證分析影響非農(nóng)自雇群體收入變動(dòng)的具體因素。根據(jù)中山大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)調(diào)查中心開(kāi)展的"中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)查"(CLDS)提供的微觀調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),利用收入轉(zhuǎn)換矩陣這一收入流動(dòng)性測(cè)算工具,對(duì)從事非農(nóng)自雇活動(dòng)的群體及工資雇員群體的收入流動(dòng)性進(jìn)行測(cè)度。對(duì)于兩者之間的關(guān)系,即自雇活動(dòng)對(duì)收入流動(dòng)性的影響,選擇Multinomial Logit模型進(jìn)行回歸分析,來(lái)探究影響自雇者收入變動(dòng)的具體因素。所得出的結(jié)論是相比于工資雇員,自雇者具有更高的收入流動(dòng)性。其中個(gè)體初始收入地位、個(gè)體特征、人力資本等因素都對(duì)其收入變動(dòng)有較為顯著的影響。根據(jù)所得出的結(jié)論,對(duì)政府推動(dòng)非農(nóng)自雇活動(dòng)提出的建議是,政府應(yīng)該理性引導(dǎo)大眾從事自雇活動(dòng),為自雇群體提供更多的職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn);制定完善的社會(huì)保障制度,以減輕自雇者的創(chuàng)業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān);消除勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上的就業(yè)歧視,為農(nóng)村中從事自雇活動(dòng)的勞動(dòng)者提供更多職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和工作崗位;利用稅收、轉(zhuǎn)移支付等財(cái)政手段降低階層固化趨勢(shì)。本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新之處在于,以往學(xué)者們對(duì)個(gè)體選擇自雇的影響因素做了大量研究,但是對(duì)自雇個(gè)體的收入變動(dòng)情況,相關(guān)研究還沒(méi)有給予足夠的關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of individuals engaged in non-agricultural self-employment activities has grown rapidly in both developed and developing countries. As a result, non-agricultural self-employment activities, including innovation and entrepreneurship, have received increasing attention from government departments, arguing that self-employment activities can expand employment.To some extent, it plays a more active role in solving the problem of employment. At the same time, self-employed activities help to promote the vertical mobility of individual income.With the continuous exploration of the income distribution problem, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the problem of income mobility, from the dynamic point of view to study the income changes at the beginning and end of the individual.Although we can not effectively solve the growing income gap for a period of time, we can ensure that every middle-income or even low-income person has the opportunity to move upward to the higher class from the point of view of ensuring equal opportunities.By improving the income mobility, unblocking the mechanism of income flow and promoting the change of individual income level, the negative influence of the social problem of "not being rich but uneven" can be reversed.The main content of this paper is to measure the income mobility of non-agricultural self-employed people, and to analyze the specific factors that affect the income change of non-agricultural self-employed groups.According to the microcosmic survey data provided by China Labor Force Dynamics Survey conducted by the Social Science Survey Center of Sun Yat-sen University, this paper uses the income conversion matrix as an income mobility measurement tool.This paper measures the income mobility of non-farm self-employed groups and wage employees.For the relationship between the two, that is, the effect of self-employed activities on income mobility, the Multinomial Logit model is selected to analyze the specific factors that affect the income change of self-employed persons.The conclusion is that self-employed people have higher income mobility than wage employees.Among them, the initial income status, individual characteristics, human capital and other factors have a significant impact on the change of income.According to the conclusion, the suggestion to the government to promote non-agricultural self-employment is that the government should rationally lead the public to engage in self-employment activities, provide more vocational skills training for self-employed groups, and formulate a sound social security system.To reduce the entrepreneurial burden on self-employed persons; to eliminate employment discrimination in the labour market and to provide more vocational skills training and jobs for self-employed workers in rural areas; and to take advantage of taxes,Transfer payments and other financial means to reduce class solidification trend.The main innovation of this paper is that previous scholars have done a lot of research on the influence factors of individual self-employment, but the related research has not paid enough attention to the income change of self-employed individuals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F249.21

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