本文關(guān)鍵詞： 二元經(jīng)濟(jì) 山東省 最低工資 就業(yè)效應(yīng)　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為維護(hù)低收入者的利益、維持勞動(dòng)力市場穩(wěn)定從而促進(jìn)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)保持良好的態(tài)勢,我國從1994年頒布立法實(shí)施以來,建立最低工資制度已經(jīng)超過20年。如今各省市均已全面覆蓋最低工資制度,該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的增加幅度也變大,關(guān)注程度加深。以山東省為例,1994年山東省最初設(shè)立企業(yè)職工最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為170元/月,從1994年至今已做出13次調(diào)整。2016年5月山東省再次提高了最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分為三檔,最高檔是1710元,其次是1550元和1390元,各檔平均提高100元。學(xué)術(shù)界對于實(shí)施最低工資對就業(yè)量的影響一直比較擔(dān)憂,從理論與實(shí)證角度進(jìn)行的研究逐漸豐富,但還未有明確的結(jié)論。發(fā)達(dá)國家對最低工資就業(yè)效應(yīng)的研究比較早,且理論較為成熟,但是我國二元經(jīng)濟(jì)特征顯著,勞動(dòng)力市場不同于一般的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家,發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對于我們只有借鑒作用并無指導(dǎo)之效。國內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)的看法是,工資的提高導(dǎo)致企業(yè)的成本會(huì)增加,其對技術(shù)水平較低的員工需求會(huì)減少而促使企業(yè)增加資本使用減少勞動(dòng)力使用,最終對就業(yè)率產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。然而近幾年國內(nèi)來一些學(xué)者通過針對性的對各地區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,證實(shí)我國目前的最工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較低,遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到國際上的最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而且最低工資對就業(yè)的抑制并不能證實(shí),并有可能在一定水平上改善產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,促進(jìn)就業(yè)人員的質(zhì)量。最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對不同地區(qū)、不同行業(yè)應(yīng)該是不同的,其他地區(qū)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)不能適用于另外一個(gè)地區(qū)。山東省處于我國東部地區(qū),在經(jīng)濟(jì)上發(fā)展水平與人口數(shù)量上在國內(nèi)地區(qū)排名上都靠前,二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)特征比較顯著,是比較有代表性的省份,本文便是以山東省作為獨(dú)立研究對象,為山東省實(shí)行設(shè)立最低工資制度提供一定理論與實(shí)證參考。本文首先對加入二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的最低工資對就業(yè)的作用進(jìn)行理論上分析,通過研究山東省城鄉(xiāng)收入差距、消費(fèi)差距和剩余勞動(dòng)力特征,得出其自身二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀和趨勢。其次梳理了山東省最低工資的歷史發(fā)展,并把增長幅度與增長率與其他30個(gè)省市放到一起作對照,發(fā)現(xiàn)其自身的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)劣勢。之后對搜集到的山東省最低工資、就業(yè)量、人均GDP等信息整合后,通過單位根檢驗(yàn)、協(xié)整關(guān)系處理和誤差修正模型,得出山東省最低工資對整體就業(yè)以及建筑業(yè)、制造業(yè)和批發(fā)零售業(yè)這三個(gè)行業(yè)的不同影響情況,并找出其效果不同的原因,有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)對不同行業(yè)采用不一樣水平的最低工資。通過對上述方面的研究,本文對最低工資制度更加合理化改善提出一系列的建議,希望進(jìn)一步豐富我國最低工資制度的內(nèi)容,能夠?yàn)檎块T設(shè)立有效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供一定的實(shí)證參照,從而有利于勞動(dòng)力市場更加穩(wěn)健良好的運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the interests of low-income people, maintain the stability of the labor market and promote the market economy to maintain a good situation, our country has enacted legislation since 1994. The minimum wage system has been established for more than 20 years. Now all provinces and cities have fully covered the minimum wage system, and the increase of this standard has also become larger and the degree of concern has deepened. Take Shandong Province as an example. In 1994, Shandong Province initially set up a minimum wage standard of 170 yuan per month for enterprise employees, and has made 13 adjustments since 1994. In May 2016, Shandong Province again raised the minimum wage standard. The standard is divided into three stalls, the highest is 1710 yuan, followed by 1550 yuan and 1390 yuan, the average increase of 100 yuan. The academic community has been more worried about the impact of the implementation of the minimum wage on the amount of employment. The research from the theoretical and empirical point of view is gradually rich, but there is no clear conclusion. Developed countries to the minimum wage employment effect research is early, and the theory is more mature, but China's dual economic characteristics are significant. The labor market is different from the general market economy countries. The experience of the developed countries has no guiding effect only for us. The traditional view in China is that the increase of wages will increase the cost of enterprises. It will reduce the demand for low-skilled employees, which will encourage enterprises to increase the use of capital and reduce the use of labor. However, in recent years, some domestic scholars through targeted empirical research in various regions, confirmed that China's current minimum wage standards are relatively low. It is far from meeting the international minimum wage standards. And the minimum wage's restraint on employment is not confirmed, and it is possible to improve the industrial layout at a certain level. The minimum wage standard should be different for different regions, different industries, the experience of other regions can not be applied to another region. Shandong Province is in the eastern part of our country. In the level of economic development and the number of population in the domestic regional ranking are at the top, the dual economic structure is more prominent, is a more representative province, this paper is taking Shandong Province as an independent research object. This paper provides a theoretical and empirical reference for the implementation of the minimum wage system in Shandong Province. Firstly, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the effect of minimum wage on employment by joining the dual economic structure. Through the study of urban and rural income gap, consumption gap and surplus labor force characteristics of Shandong Province, get its own dual economic structure and trends. Secondly, combing the historical development of the minimum wage in Shandong Province. And the growth rate and the other 30 provinces and cities together as a comparison, find its own characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. After the collection of Shandong Province minimum wage, employment, per capita GDP and other information integration. Through unit root test, co-integration relationship processing and error correction model, we get the different effects of minimum wage on the overall employment and the construction, manufacturing and wholesale and retail industries in Shandong Province. And find out the reasons for its different effects, help to achieve different industries to adopt different levels of minimum wage. Through the study of the above aspects. This paper puts forward a series of suggestions for the rationalization and improvement of the minimum wage system, hoping to further enrich the content of the minimum wage system in China, and can provide a certain empirical reference for government departments to set up effective standards. This is conducive to a more stable and good operation of the labor market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.24

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