本文選題：幼兒園 + 體育�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：幼兒時期是一個人成長過程中個體成長發(fā)育的至關(guān)重要的教育時期,也是人類基本動作技能發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵期。人類動作發(fā)展是一個研究“人類在一生中動作行為所發(fā)生的變化,以及構(gòu)成這些行為變化的所經(jīng)歷的基礎(chǔ)過程和它們的影響因素�！痹谶@個時期中幼兒的生長發(fā)育都非常的迅速。3-6歲的孩子屬于學(xué)齡前兒童,從生理特征和心理特征的角度來看,3-6歲的兒童的肌肉、骨骼、關(guān)節(jié)、智力等都處于發(fā)育中階段,在這個階段的身體的生長發(fā)育、性格品質(zhì)的形成以及智力的發(fā)展等等,該階段各個器官和系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)以及功能的發(fā)育都日趨成熟,身體素質(zhì)也隨器官功能的發(fā)展而發(fā)展。本研究通過問卷調(diào)查法,對幼兒園的教學(xué)環(huán)境、幼兒園的教學(xué)設(shè)備、幼兒園管理人員和體育教育工作者幼兒園的教師(教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)方法、教學(xué)時間以及體育教學(xué)的組織形式等因素)進行問卷調(diào)查,利用多重二分法對調(diào)查問卷進行分析,得出兩所幼兒園的體育教學(xué)活動(教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)方法、教學(xué)環(huán)境、教學(xué)時間等方面)存在的差異。2000年美國密歇根州立大學(xué)的Dale A.Ulrich博士修訂的專門用于評估3-6-歲兒童基本動作技能發(fā)展情況的大肌肉動作發(fā)展測試量表(Test of Gross Motor Development,簡稱TGMD-2)。該測驗內(nèi)容是由位移分測驗和操作技能動作分測驗兩個部分構(gòu)成,其中位移分測驗包括跑、立定跳遠、單腳跳、跨步跳、前滑步和側(cè)滑步六個測試動作,操作技能動作分測驗包括原地拍球、踢球、雙手接球、擊固定球、上手投球和地滾球六個測試動作。TGMD-2發(fā)展量表在多種不同文化環(huán)境下都取得了良好的信度和效度,并已經(jīng)在我國臺灣地區(qū)和山東地區(qū)進行廣泛使用和研究。本文通過TGMD-2中12個動作技能測試動作的具體動作標準對萊蕪市和濟南市兩地區(qū)共計599名3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童基本動作技能進行測試,獲取兒童對各個動作完成情況的得分,并對完成情況的得分進行分析和評價。通過對數(shù)據(jù)分析得出兩地3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童基本動作的發(fā)展規(guī)律,結(jié)合兩地區(qū)兩所幼兒園的體育教學(xué)活動的差異,得出幼兒園體育教學(xué)活動對3-6歲兒童基本動作技能(位移動作和操作技能動作)發(fā)展影響結(jié)論如下:(1)經(jīng)過對萊蕪市和濟南市兩所幼兒園的3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童基本動作技能發(fā)展情況分析得出:55從兒童基本動作技能總分來看,濟南市3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童的基本動作發(fā)展比萊蕪市3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童基本動作技能發(fā)展的好;從位移動作總和操作技能動作總分比較來看,濟南市該幼兒園3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童位移動作和操作技能動作發(fā)展比萊蕪市3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童發(fā)展要好。(2)通過對萊蕪市和濟南市兩所幼兒園的體育教學(xué)活動調(diào)查問卷分析得出:幼兒園的體育教學(xué)活動中,體育教學(xué)活動內(nèi)容、體育教學(xué)活動方法、體育教學(xué)活動時間、體育教學(xué)活動的組織形式以及體育教學(xué)環(huán)境都是兒童基本動作技能發(fā)展的主要影響因素。其中體育教學(xué)活動的內(nèi)容是最重要的影響因素。(3)不同年齡階段3-6歲學(xué)齡前兒童的位移動作和操作技能動作的發(fā)展趨勢隨著年齡的增大而增強,兒童的基本動作技能的發(fā)展就越來越好。從均值來看,操作技能動作的均值是隨著兒童年齡的增大而增大;位移動作的均值也是隨年齡的增大而增大;基本動作技能總分均值也是隨著年齡的增大而增大。從標準差來看,操作技能動作得分的標準差在4歲時最低,離散程度就越小,兒童操作技能動作發(fā)展最好;位移得分的標準差在5歲時最低,離散程度就越小,兒童位移控制能力發(fā)展最好;基本動作技能總分的標準差在4歲時最低,離散程度就越小,兒童基本動作技能發(fā)展最好。在幼兒園體育教學(xué)活動中,科學(xué)、合理、有效地開展幼兒園體育教學(xué)活動(教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)方法、教學(xué)環(huán)境、教學(xué)時間等方面),對3-6歲兒童的基本動作技能的發(fā)展具有促進作用。
[Abstract]:Early childhood is a critical period of education for individual growth and development in a person's growth. It is also the key period for the development of basic human action skills. Human action development is a study of "the changes in the action of human action in life and the basic process of forming these behaviours and their influence." "In this period, the growth and development of young children are very rapid and.3-6 years old children belong to preschool children. From the point of view of physiological and psychological characteristics, the muscles, bones, joints, and intelligence of 3-6 year old children are at the middle stage of development, and the development of the body, the formation of character quality and the intelligence at this stage. The development of the structure and function of various organs and systems at this stage are mature day by day, and the physical quality is also developed with the development of organ function. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the factors of capacity, teaching methods, teaching time and the organizational form of physical education. Using multiple dichotomous methods, the questionnaire was analyzed, and the differences in physical education activities (teaching content, teaching method, teaching environment, teaching time, etc.) of two kindergartens in two kindergartens were found to be Da of Michigan State University in the United States. Dr. Le A.Ulrich revised the large muscle action development test scale (Test of Gross Motor Development, for short), which is specially used to assess the development of basic action skills for 3-6- years old children. The content of this test is composed of two parts: displacement test and operation skill movement test, in which the displacement test includes running, standing long jump, Six tests of single foot jump, stride jump, front skid and side slide. The operation skill subtest includes the original shooting ball, kickball, hands in the ball, the hit fixed ball, the upper hand throw and the roll ball, the.TGMD-2 development scale has achieved good reliability and validity in a variety of different cultural environments, and has already been in the Taiwan area of our country. And the Shandong area is widely used and studied. In this paper, the basic action skills of 599 3-6 year old preschool children in Laiwu and Ji'nan cities were tested by the specific action standard of 12 action skills test in the TGMD-2. The scores of children's completion of each action were obtained, and the scores of the completion were analyzed. Through the analysis of the development of the basic movements of the 3-6 year old preschool children and the differences in the physical education activities in the two kindergartens in the two regions, the conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) pass to Laiwu. The development of basic action skills of 3-6 year old preschool children in two kindergartens in city and Ji'nan was analyzed. 55 from the total score of children's basic movement skills, the basic movement development of 3-6 year old preschool children in Ji'nan was better than that of the 3-6 year old preschool children in Laiwu. In comparison, the development of the displacement and operation skills of the preschool children of 3-6 years old in Ji'nan is better than that of the 3-6 year old preschool children in Laiwu. (2) through the analysis of the physical education activities of the kindergartens in Laiwu and Ji'nan, the contents of sports teaching activities, sports activities and physical education activities are obtained. The methods of teaching activities, the time of physical education activities, the organizational form of physical education activities and the physical education environment are the main factors affecting the development of the basic action skills of children. The contents of the sports teaching activities are the most important factors. (3) the movement and operation skills of the children of 3-6 years of age in different ages With the increase of age, the development trend of the basic movement skills of children is getting better and better. From the mean point of view, the mean of operation skills increases with the age of children; the mean of displacement action increases with the increase of age; the mean total score of the basic movement skills increases with the increase of age. From the standard deviation, the standard deviation of the operation skill movement score is the lowest at the age of 4, the smaller the discretization, the best development of the operation skills for children; the standard deviation of the displacement score is the lowest at the age of 5, the smaller the discrete degree is, the best development of the children's displacement control ability; the standard deviation of the basic movement skill total score is the lowest at the age of 4 and the discrete course. The smaller the degree is, the children's basic skill development is the best. In the kindergarten physical education activities, scientific, rational and effective activities (teaching content, teaching method, teaching environment, teaching time, etc.) have been promoted to promote the development of the basic action skills of 3-6 year old children.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G613.7

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