本文選題：美國(guó) + 社會(huì)需求　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的來(lái)臨,科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,社會(huì)分工的細(xì)密化,使社會(huì)對(duì)人才的培養(yǎng)模式和培養(yǎng)規(guī)格提出了新的要求,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)術(shù)研究人員為目的的單一教育方式已不能夠滿足社會(huì)對(duì)高級(jí)復(fù)合型和專業(yè)型人才的需求。社會(huì)發(fā)展對(duì)高水平專業(yè)人才的需求增加,專業(yè)學(xué)位由此產(chǎn)生。美國(guó)率先實(shí)行專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育。美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育自設(shè)立以來(lái),都以社會(huì)需求為風(fēng)向標(biāo),其他國(guó)家的專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育無(wú)不以美國(guó)為范例,無(wú)論是在課程設(shè)置還是培養(yǎng)方式上,都深受美國(guó)專業(yè)研究生教育的影響。因而,研究美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育有其特殊意義。既可以在源頭上探索專業(yè)學(xué)位教育所具有的基因,又可以從專業(yè)教育的發(fā)展過(guò)程中尋求專業(yè)研究生教育的內(nèi)在規(guī)律。中國(guó)早期培養(yǎng)的研究生主要是學(xué)術(shù)型的,目前專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育雖然已得到了一定的發(fā)展,但由于對(duì)專業(yè)學(xué)位缺乏正確認(rèn)識(shí),專業(yè)學(xué)位的發(fā)展仍存在問(wèn)題。中國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育存在在培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)、專業(yè)設(shè)置、課程設(shè)置、培養(yǎng)途徑、教育規(guī)模、教育結(jié)構(gòu)等方面不能滿足社會(huì)發(fā)展需求的問(wèn)題。這與教育必須適應(yīng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的趨勢(shì)不符。如何滿足社會(huì)各界的需求,保持專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生的良性發(fā)展,變革中國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育的地位,是值得我國(guó)思考的教育問(wèn)題。當(dāng)前,知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)深入和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,為專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生的完善提供了一個(gè)歷史性的機(jī)遇和深刻的社會(huì)動(dòng)力。較之美國(guó),中國(guó)的專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育還需繼續(xù)發(fā)展。因此,中國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育需要吸取美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育的經(jīng)驗(yàn),時(shí)時(shí)完善教育模式,來(lái)滿足社會(huì)對(duì)高水平專業(yè)型人才的需要。本文以美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法和案例研究法,對(duì)美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育與社會(huì)需求之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系進(jìn)行了論證,總結(jié)出歷史發(fā)展、培養(yǎng)模式、規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)主要素,旨在闡述三要素與社會(huì)需求之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。最后,吸取美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育的可取之處,為我國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育的發(fā)展更好地適應(yīng)社會(huì)需求提供一些思路和方法。本論文主要分為五部分:第一部分?jǐn)⑹隽搜芯勘尘昂鸵饬x、國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育的研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法、研究核心概念和主要內(nèi)容。第二部分闡述了美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育的發(fā)展歷史與社會(huì)需求的契合性。第三部分主要是美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育培養(yǎng)模式與社會(huì)需求的契合性分析。其中,培養(yǎng)模式涉及到培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)、專業(yè)設(shè)置、課程建設(shè)、培養(yǎng)途徑、協(xié)同培養(yǎng)五個(gè)要素。分別分析了五個(gè)要素在滿足社會(huì)需求方面的表現(xiàn)。第四部分對(duì)美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育結(jié)構(gòu)和教育規(guī)模與社會(huì)需求契合性進(jìn)行分析,在教育結(jié)構(gòu)方面,從層次、科類兩個(gè)方面闡述與社會(huì)需求的契合性。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位教育規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)剖析,分析出教育規(guī)模動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展過(guò)程中顯著的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)以及社會(huì)需求轉(zhuǎn)變顯著的狀況,總結(jié)出美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育與社會(huì)需求互動(dòng)關(guān)系。第五部分是美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育適應(yīng)社會(huì)需求教育模式對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)行專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生教育的啟示。
[Abstract]:The coming of the era of knowledge economy, the development of science and technology and the fine social division of labor make the society put forward new requirements for the training mode and training specifications of talents. The single education mode for the purpose of training academic researchers is not able to meet the needs of the society for the high-level and professional talents. Since the United States has taken the lead in the implementation of professional degree graduate education in the United States. Since the establishment of the United States professional degree graduate education, the United States has been a vane with social demand, and the professional degree graduate education in other countries is the example of the United States. The impact of professional graduate education in the United States. Therefore, it is of special significance to study the graduate education of professional degree in the United States. It can not only explore the genes of professional degree education at the source, but also seek the inherent law of professional graduate education in the course of the development of professional education. The early graduate students in China are mainly academic type. At present, although professional degree graduate education has been developed, but due to lack of correct understanding of professional degree, there are still problems in the development of professional degree. The education of graduate students of professional degree in China can not meet the society in the aspects of training objectives, professional setting, curriculum, training path, education scale, education structure and so on. The problem of development demand is not consistent with the trend of education must adapt to the social and economic trend. How to meet the needs of the community, maintain the benign development of professional degree graduate students and change the position of professional degree graduate education in China is an educational problem worth thinking in our country. The improvement of professional degree graduate students has provided a historical opportunity and profound social motivation. Compared with the United States, China's professional degree graduate education needs to continue to develop. Therefore, Chinese professional degree graduate education needs to absorb the experience of professional degree graduate education in the United States and improve the educational model in order to meet the high social level. This paper, taking the graduate education of the American professional degree as the research object, uses the literature research method and the case study method to demonstrate the interactive relationship between the postgraduate education and the social needs of the American professional degree, and summarizes the three main elements of the historical development, the training mode and the scale structure, which aims to expound the three needs. In the end, it provides some ideas and methods for the development of professional degree graduate education in China. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part describes the background and significance of the research, and the United States and the United States at home and abroad. The research status of professional degree graduate education, research methods, research core concepts and main contents. The second part expounds the correspondence between the development history and social needs of the United States professional degree graduate education. The third part is mainly the fit analysis of the education mode of the American professional degree graduate education and the social demand. The mode of cultivation involves five factors: training objectives, professional setting, curriculum construction, training ways and cooperative training. The five elements are analyzed respectively to meet the needs of the society. The fourth part analyses the relationship between the educational structure of the graduate students in the United States and the compatibility of the educational scale with the social needs, and in the aspects of the educational structure, from the level, According to the analysis of the scale data of the professional degree education in the United States, the paper analyses the significant turning points of the dynamic development of the education scale and the significant change in the social demand, and summarizes the interactive relationship between the postgraduate education and the social demand in the United States. The fifth part is the American special education. The Enlightenment of graduate education to meet the needs of social needs for China's professional degree graduate education.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G643

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