發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-29 07:27

【摘要】：語音意識(shí)(phonological awareness)是兒童自幼發(fā)展起來的對(duì)口語中聲音結(jié)構(gòu)的意識(shí)及運(yùn)用。西方心理學(xué)界極為重視語音意識(shí)的研究，，發(fā)現(xiàn)了拼音文字兒童語音意識(shí)的發(fā)展規(guī)律，認(rèn)為語音意識(shí)能預(yù)測(cè)閱讀能力的發(fā)展，但語音意識(shí)的各成分的預(yù)測(cè)作用并不同。漢語兒童的漢語語音意識(shí)研究也得出了兒童語音意識(shí)的發(fā)展規(guī)律，發(fā)現(xiàn)測(cè)試材料、語言(包括方言)等因素影響著漢語語音意識(shí)水平；但在語音意識(shí)是否能預(yù)測(cè)閱讀能力的作問題上還存在著爭論。 在漢語兒童的語音意識(shí)研究中，以大陸地區(qū)學(xué)前兒童為研究對(duì)象的相關(guān)研究尚沒有系統(tǒng)展開，存在一個(gè)研究空白。為此，本研究設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)：研究一意在發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)前兒童語音意識(shí)的發(fā)展規(guī)律，探討上海話(即滬語)與粵語兩種方言對(duì)兒童漢語語音意識(shí)的影響。研究二主要是探測(cè)學(xué)前兒童的語音意識(shí)是否對(duì)閱讀能力起預(yù)測(cè)作用。 研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1．學(xué)前兒童的語音意識(shí)發(fā)展中，聲調(diào)意識(shí)水平最高，韻母意識(shí)其次，聲母意識(shí)最低；三種語音意識(shí)都隨年齡的增長而提高，其中聲調(diào)意識(shí)增長最快，韻母意識(shí)居中，聲母意識(shí)相對(duì)較低。2．方言類型是學(xué)前兒童漢語語音意識(shí)發(fā)展的一個(gè)影響因素。其中滬語對(duì)上海兒童的漢語語音意識(shí)影響不大，粵語對(duì)湛江兒童的漢語語音意識(shí)起著較大的影響作用。3．學(xué)前兒童的漢語語音意識(shí)水平與兒童的閱讀能力存在著相關(guān)，前者在某種程度上能預(yù)測(cè)后者的水平，但兩者的相關(guān)性受年齡因素及具體語音意識(shí)成分的影響，不同的語音意識(shí)成分對(duì)閱讀能力預(yù)測(cè)作用并不相同。本研究認(rèn)為在學(xué)前期應(yīng)及早開展普通話的普及教育，適當(dāng)進(jìn)行拼音教學(xué)，提高學(xué)前兒童的漢語語音意識(shí)水平，從而提高學(xué)前兒童的閱讀能力。
[Abstract]:Phonological awareness (phonological awareness) is the awareness and application of phonological structure in spoken language developed by children from an early age. Western psychologists attach great importance to the study of phonological awareness and find out the development law of phonological awareness of children in phonetic characters. It is believed that phonological awareness can predict the development of reading ability, but the predictive function of each component of phonological awareness is not the same. The study of Chinese phonological awareness of Chinese children has also obtained the development law of children's phonological awareness, and found that testing materials, language (including dialects) and other factors affect the level of Chinese phonological awareness. However, there is a debate on whether phonological awareness can predict reading ability. In the study of phonological awareness of Chinese children, there is no systematic research on preschool children in mainland China, and there is a blank in the study. Therefore, this study designed two experiments: one is to find out the development law of phonological awareness in preschool children, and to explore the influence of Shanghai dialect (Shanghai dialect) and Cantonese dialect on children's phonological awareness of Chinese. The second study was to investigate whether the phonological awareness of preschool children was a predictor of reading ability. The results show that: 1. In the development of phonological awareness of preschool children, the level of tone awareness is the highest, the vowel awareness is the second, and the initial awareness is the lowest; The three phonological awareness increases with age, among which tone awareness grows fastest, vowel awareness is in the middle, and initial awareness is relatively low. 2. Dialect type is an influential factor in the development of Chinese phonological awareness in preschool children. Among them, Shanghai language has little influence on Shanghai children's Chinese phonological awareness, while Cantonese has great influence on Zhanjiang children's Chinese phonological awareness. 3. There is a correlation between preschool children's Chinese phonological awareness level and children's reading ability. The former can predict the level of the latter to some extent, but the correlation between them is influenced by age factors and specific phonological awareness components, and different phonological awareness components have different effects on the prediction of reading ability. This study suggests that we should carry out the popularization education of Putonghua as early as possible, properly carry out the teaching of pinyin, improve the Chinese phonetic awareness of preschool children, and improve the reading ability of preschool children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：G612.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊先明;0-5歲漢語兒童語言發(fā)展的認(rèn)知研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 郭瓊;余干方言地區(qū)兒童語音意識(shí)發(fā)展特點(diǎn)及其與拼音水平的關(guān)系研究[D];江西師范大學(xué);2010年

2 邵良紅;初級(jí)漢語水平外國留學(xué)生漢語語音意識(shí)橫向發(fā)展研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2007年

3 李晶晶;5-6歲幼兒家庭讀寫環(huán)境與其早期閱讀能力的相關(guān)研究[D];天津師范大學(xué);2010年

4 直向輝;英語語音意識(shí)對(duì)小學(xué)生詞語短時(shí)記憶及單詞拼寫的影響[D];河南大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：2394490