【摘要】：教育作為公共產(chǎn)品,公共部門管理變革對(duì)其發(fā)展有重要影響。作為公共部門的政府長(zhǎng)期以來是教育公共產(chǎn)品的提供者和管理者,作為提供者它影響著教育公共產(chǎn)品供給的種類和質(zhì)量；而作為管理者通過政策和各種管理手段,能夠?yàn)榻逃财返墓┙o創(chuàng)造良好的社會(huì)環(huán)境和公共服務(wù)。民辦教育作為非政府提供的公共產(chǎn)品,政府對(duì)其采取什么管理手段和方法,對(duì)民辦教育的發(fā)展作用同樣不可小視。 民辦教育的崛起對(duì)于教育的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。其最大貢獻(xiàn)是增加了教育的供給,推動(dòng)了教育改革,提高了教育的效率,改善了教育公平,擴(kuò)大了教育選擇的機(jī)會(huì),是教育事業(yè)的重要組成部分。實(shí)質(zhì)是對(duì)政府提供教育公共產(chǎn)品的方式和管理模式產(chǎn)生重大影響。 近二十多年來,中國(guó)民辦教育的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好。一方面,社會(huì)投資辦學(xué)的熱情高漲；另一方面,國(guó)家也積極制訂支持民辦教育發(fā)展的法律法規(guī),采取一系列政策、措施扶持民辦教育發(fā)展。民辦教育發(fā)展已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了歷史發(fā)展史上最好的時(shí)期。民辦教育的興盛說明教育已經(jīng)不再只能由政府獨(dú)家提供,政府、社會(huì)力量共同興辦教育的格局已經(jīng)形成。同時(shí)也意味著管理者與辦學(xué)者可以有條件地分離。這種分離必然要求對(duì)教育的行政管理方式發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變。政府將逐步變成“掌舵者”,而非單純的“劃槳者”。 民辦教育的發(fā)展離不開對(duì)其作用地位的清晰認(rèn)識(shí)和政府的全力支持。目前民辦教育還存在許多問題,如何在理論上進(jìn)一步確立民辦教育地位和作用,在實(shí)踐上繼續(xù)落實(shí)《民辦教育促進(jìn)法》規(guī)定的扶持政策,如何提升民辦基礎(chǔ)教育的質(zhì)量,如何促進(jìn)民辦職業(yè)教育加強(qiáng)管理,如何加強(qiáng)民辦高校監(jiān)管等等,這些問題都需要深入進(jìn)行研究、分析。 本論文通過梳理、分析公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理和公共產(chǎn)品等相關(guān)理論,深入探索中國(guó)公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理轉(zhuǎn)型與民辦教育發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系,綜述中國(guó)民辦教育的基本發(fā)展歷程,在對(duì)中國(guó)民辦教育發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況充分認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)上,明確認(rèn)識(shí)各類民辦教育中存在的主要問題,以公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理轉(zhuǎn)型理論為切入點(diǎn),分析該理論對(duì)民辦教育發(fā)展的重要影響,并以寧波市的民辦教育作為個(gè)案,通過實(shí)際案例剖析,探尋政府管理轉(zhuǎn)型的現(xiàn)實(shí)途徑。以此作為解決中國(guó)民辦教育發(fā)展中現(xiàn)存各種問題的建議依據(jù),從而達(dá)到促進(jìn)中國(guó)民辦教育快速、健康、持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。 理論界針對(duì)民辦教育的相關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)研究,已經(jīng)形成了一定的理論研究成果,而且社會(huì)各界以及政府等公共部門,都認(rèn)識(shí)到民辦教育的發(fā)展對(duì)提升中國(guó)整體教育水平,推動(dòng)教育改革,提供多元選擇都具有重要的作用,政府已經(jīng)制訂和出臺(tái)了一系列促進(jìn)民辦教育發(fā)展的政策制度,在促進(jìn)民辦教育大力發(fā)展巾已經(jīng)有了一定的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累。但由于巾國(guó)仍是轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家,從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型仍是一個(gè)比較漫長(zhǎng)的過程中,其中存在許多困難和問題亟需解決,發(fā)展民辦教育仍存在許多問題,在政策層面,制度層面仍需要突破許多障礙,亟待理論和實(shí)踐的創(chuàng)新。 本論文的創(chuàng)新之處就在于： 第一,本論文的研究將對(duì)民辦教育與公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理轉(zhuǎn)型的研究聯(lián)系在一起,尋找民辦教育與公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理、公共產(chǎn)品多元供給機(jī)制之間的契合點(diǎn),這方面的研究目前還很少,本論文這一點(diǎn)是不同于以往的民辦教育發(fā)展研究,視角新穎,契合實(shí)際。從理論上做到了一定的創(chuàng)新,豐富了現(xiàn)有的民辦教育發(fā)展理論。 第二,通過研究,本論文希望通過中國(guó)政府管理的變革和公共產(chǎn)品供給多元機(jī)制的構(gòu)建來促進(jìn)民辦教育的發(fā)展,提出了自己新的理論觀點(diǎn)。本文從民辦教育發(fā)展的歷史沿革,突出的問題,政府管理轉(zhuǎn)型的影響,個(gè)案的實(shí)證研究和分類管理制度的設(shè)計(jì)等幾個(gè)維度論述了公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理轉(zhuǎn)型與民辦教育發(fā)展的關(guān)系,凸顯了公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理轉(zhuǎn)型和公共產(chǎn)品多元供給機(jī)制的構(gòu)建對(duì)于民辦教育發(fā)生、發(fā)展和未來走向的的影響。理論和實(shí)踐證明在目前民辦教育整體走弱形勢(shì)下,政策和制度突破的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是要構(gòu)建與社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)相適應(yīng)的公共產(chǎn)品多元供給機(jī)制,加快政府管理的轉(zhuǎn)型。中國(guó)這些年的民辦教育蓬勃發(fā)展就是這種模式轉(zhuǎn)型的結(jié)果,今后民辦教育的發(fā)展也應(yīng)遵循這一制度變遷的理論路徑。因此,政府對(duì)教育的管理政策、方式也需要與公共產(chǎn)品多元式供給的理論相適應(yīng),進(jìn)行改革或調(diào)整。因而本文具有較強(qiáng)的理論意義和較高的實(shí)踐應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 第三,通過實(shí)證和國(guó)外的比較研究提出了民辦教育分類管理的可行的方案。中國(guó)的實(shí)際是：當(dāng)年民辦教育投資者大多以投資性質(zhì)進(jìn)入該領(lǐng)域的。如何推行營(yíng)利性和非營(yíng)利性的分類管理,難點(diǎn)在實(shí)施的途徑和策略。因此,尋找到一個(gè)震蕩小的過渡的辦法,是分類管理制度建立的關(guān)鍵。而分類管理的實(shí)施是影響今后民辦教育發(fā)展走向的重要制度突破。從這個(gè)角度說本文具有較強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義。 本論文共分為七章。第一章,緒論。引入議題并交代選題背景和研究意義等。第二章,對(duì)基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行分析研究。主要包括公共經(jīng)濟(jì),公共產(chǎn)品理論和公共選擇理論等,為下文的分析提供理論支撐。第三章,介紹中國(guó)民辦教育的發(fā)展歷程和概況。第四章,分析公共產(chǎn)品多元供給機(jī)制與民辦教育發(fā)展問題,明確現(xiàn)階段公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理和公共產(chǎn)品多元供給制度設(shè)計(jì)的缺失是民辦教育發(fā)展問題的主要根源。第五章,分析巾國(guó)公共經(jīng)濟(jì)管理轉(zhuǎn)型對(duì)于民辦教育影響的問題,并提出公共經(jīng)濟(jì)-即政府管理轉(zhuǎn)型的現(xiàn)實(shí)路徑,力求通過政府轉(zhuǎn)型和公共產(chǎn)品多元供給機(jī)制的構(gòu)建促進(jìn)民辦教育發(fā)展。 第六章,以寧波為個(gè)案,考察和研究寧波通過政府管理轉(zhuǎn)型推動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)孛褶k教育發(fā)展的各種機(jī)制和措施。第七章,試圖通過目前民辦教育發(fā)展瓶頸“產(chǎn)權(quán)問題”的分析,凸顯新的制度創(chuàng)新的緊迫性。通過頂層制度設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)民辦教育的分類管理,即營(yíng)利與非營(yíng)利的分類管理,并根據(jù)中國(guó)國(guó)情尋求可行的操作方案。為民辦教育發(fā)展可持續(xù)發(fā)展探尋根本性的制度保障。第八章,結(jié)論與展望。
[Abstract]:As a public product, education has an important impact on the development of the public sector management reform. As a public sector government has long been the provider and manager of public education products, as a provider it affects the types and quality of public education products supply; and as a manager through policies and various management means, it can provide education. The supply of educational public goods creates a good social environment and public services. As a public product provided by non-governmental organizations, private education can not be underestimated by what management means and methods the government adopts.
The rise of private education has a positive impact on the development of education. Its greatest contribution is to increase the supply of education, promote the reform of education, improve the efficiency of education, improve the fairness of education, and expand the opportunities for educational choices. It is an important part of education. Essentially, it is a way to provide the government with educational public goods. And management mode.
On the one hand, the enthusiasm of social investment in running schools is rising; on the other hand, the state has actively formulated laws and regulations to support the development of private education, adopted a series of policies and measures to support the development of private education. The prosperity of private education shows that education can no longer be provided exclusively by the government, the government and social forces have formed a pattern of co-running education. Meanwhile, it also means that managers and scholars can be separated conditionally. Rather than a simple "rower".
The development of private education depends on a clear understanding of its role and full support from the government.At present, there are still many problems in private education. How to promote private vocational education to strengthen management, how to strengthen the supervision of private colleges and universities, and so on, these problems need in-depth study and analysis.
Through sorting out and analyzing the relevant theories of public economic management and public goods, this paper probes into the relationship between the transformation of public economic management and the development of private education in China, summarizes the basic development process of private education in China, and clearly recognizes various types of private education on the basis of full understanding of the reality of the development of private education in China. Taking the theory of public economic management transformation as the breakthrough point, this paper analyzes the important influence of this theory on the development of private education, and takes the private education in Ningbo as a case, through the analysis of actual cases, explores the realistic way of the transformation of government management as a solution to the existing problems in the development of private education in China. Based on the suggestions, we can achieve the goal of promoting the fast, healthy and sustainable development of China's private education.
Theoretical circles have formed certain theoretical research results on private education, and the development of private education has been recognized by all walks of life as well as the government and other public departments as an important role in promoting China's overall educational level, promoting educational reform and providing diversified choices. The government has formulated and promulgated the study. A series of policies and systems to promote the development of private education have accumulated some practical experience in promoting the vigorous development of private education. However, the transition from planned economy to socialist market economy is still a relatively long process in which many difficulties and problems need to be solved urgently so as to develop the people. There are still many problems in running education. At the policy level and the system level, we still need to break through many obstacles and innovate the theory and practice.
The innovation of this paper lies in:
Firstly, the research of this paper will link the research of private education with the transformation of public economic management, and find the point of agreement between private education and public economic management, and the mechanism of diversified supply of public goods. At present, there is little research on this aspect. This paper is different from the previous research on the development of private education, with a new perspective and a good agreement. It has made some innovations in theory and enriched the existing theory of private education development.
Secondly, through research, this paper hopes to promote the development of private education through the reform of Chinese government management and the construction of pluralistic mechanism of public goods supply, and puts forward its own new theoretical viewpoints. The paper discusses the relationship between the transformation of public economic management and the development of private education from several aspects, such as the design of the system, and highlights the impact of the transformation of public economic management and the construction of the pluralistic supply mechanism of public goods on the occurrence, development and future trend of private education. The key to break through the system should be to construct a diversified supply mechanism of public goods suitable for the socialist market economy and speed up the transformation of government management.The vigorous development of private education in China these years is the result of this transformation.The development of private education in the future should also follow the theoretical path of this institutional change. The government's management policy on education needs to be reformed or adjusted in accordance with the theory of pluralistic supply of public goods.
China's reality is that most investors in private education entered this field by the nature of investment. How to carry out the classified management of profit-making and non-profit, the difficulty lies in the way and strategy of implementation. The method of small transition is the key to the establishment of classified management system, and the implementation of classified management is an important institutional breakthrough that will affect the future development of private education.
Chapter one, introduction, background and research significance of introducing topics and explaining topics. Chapter two, analysis and Research on basic theories, mainly including public economy, public goods theory and public choice theory, provide theoretical support for the following analysis. Chapter three introduces the development process and outline of private education in China. Chapter Four analyzes the problems of the diversified supply mechanism of public goods and the development of private education. It is clear that the lack of public economic management and the design of the diversified supply system of public goods are the main causes of the development of private education. Economy-that is, the realistic path of government management transformation, strives to promote the development of private education through the transformation of government and the construction of a pluralistic supply mechanism of public goods.
Chapter 6, taking Ningbo as an example, investigates and studies the various mechanisms and measures to promote the development of local private education through the transformation of government management. Chapter 7 tries to highlight the urgency of new institutional innovation through the analysis of the current bottleneck of the development of Private Education - "property rights issues" - through the top-level system design to achieve the classification of private education. Management, i.e. classified management of profit and non-profit, seeks feasible operation scheme according to China's national conditions, and seeks fundamental institutional guarantee for the sustainable development of private education. Chapter 8, conclusions and prospects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G522.72

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