【摘要】：“自戀”這個詞的出現(xiàn)對于大家而言并不陌生,自戀現(xiàn)象也是層出不窮,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中、生活中自詡為“自戀者”的人更是不少見,但所謂的自戀到底是什么呢?本文認(rèn)為自戀就是對自己的一種迷戀,就是將自己作為衡量世界萬事萬物的尺度和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。自戀的形成有著一定的歷史根源,它是在人類擺脫了上帝和神學(xué)的束縛,獲得了獨(dú)立與自由的基礎(chǔ)上,在自我解放和自我張揚(yáng)的現(xiàn)代意識的推動下一種自我中心主義的極端表現(xiàn)。其中一個最顯著的特征就是對自身的盲目信任和愛,同樣是對自己的信任與愛,與自愛和自信卻存在著本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。 自戀者對自我的極度關(guān)注不可避免地造成了一些后果,首先自戀的產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)致了公共世界的夭折。自戀者脫離了公共領(lǐng)域,退回到自己的私人領(lǐng)域之中,導(dǎo)致了公共空間的死亡；同時由于自戀者的眼中只有自己,只在乎自己的利益,成了公民的敵人。其次,由于自戀是自私的基石,自私是在自戀的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的,是自戀的深化,所以自戀者不可避免地滑向了利己主義者。作為一個特殊的群體——青少年學(xué)生,生活在這樣一個自戀主義的文化之中,難以逃脫這種文化的影響,而除了文化的因素之外,青少年學(xué)生自戀的產(chǎn)生更有其特殊的根基,首先是在要求張揚(yáng)個性的時代,學(xué)生對個性認(rèn)識存在的誤區(qū)；其次是由于這是一個獨(dú)生子女的時代,“四二一家庭模式”對青少年學(xué)生投注了更多的愛,也可稱為溺愛。 學(xué)校是社會關(guān)注的一個焦點(diǎn),是培養(yǎng)社會人才的一個場所,但是否可以躲避自戀風(fēng)暴帶來的這場災(zāi)難呢?答案并不令人滿意。其原因是多方面的：首先表現(xiàn)為學(xué)校本身就具有自戀的本性；學(xué)生將學(xué)校視為實(shí)現(xiàn)個人目標(biāo)的中轉(zhuǎn)站,是自己收獲成功的一種手段；同時教師在教學(xué)過程中也難免具有自戀的傾向。從而不得不承認(rèn)學(xué)校成了造就自戀者的場所。針對學(xué)校中的這種現(xiàn)象,教育必須發(fā)揮其引導(dǎo)作用以緩和自戀,首先教育要使人走出自我,重新認(rèn)識自我；其次,應(yīng)該重構(gòu)教育的公共性,使師生在行動中培養(yǎng)公共精神和公共生活的能力；最后要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生“愛”的能力,不僅僅是愛自己,更要能夠做到愛他人。
[Abstract]:The emergence of the word "narcissism" is no stranger to us. Narcissism is also a phenomenon that emerges in endlessly. In the Internet, people who claim to be "narcissists" in life are not uncommon. But what is narcissism?. This paper holds that narcissism is a kind of infatuation with oneself, which is regarded as the yardstick and standard of measuring everything in the world. The formation of narcissism has a certain historical origin. It is on the basis of the human being free from the bondage of God and theology and gaining independence and freedom. The extreme manifestation of self-centrism is driven by self-liberation and self-publicizing modern consciousness. One of the most prominent characteristics is the blind trust and love of oneself, and also the trust and love of oneself, but there is an essential difference between them and self-love and self-confidence. Narcissists' extreme concern for themselves inevitably leads to some consequences. First, narcissism causes the collapse of the public world. Narcissists have left the public sphere and retreated into their own private sphere, resulting in the death of public space. At the same time, narcissists have only their own eyes, only care about their own interests, become the enemy of citizens. Secondly, narcissism is the cornerstone of selfishness, selfishness is born on the basis of narcissism, it is the deepening of narcissism, so narcissists inevitably slide to egoists. As a special group-young students, living in such a narcissistic culture, it is difficult to escape the influence of this culture. In addition to cultural factors, the emergence of narcissism among young students has its own special foundation. First of all, in the era of demanding publicity of personality, students have misunderstandings of personality; secondly, because this is an era of only child, the "4 / 21 family model" has invested more love to young students, which can also be called doting. School is a focus of social concern, is a place to train social talents, but can we avoid the storm of narcissism brought about by this disaster? The answer is not satisfactory. The reasons are as follows: firstly, the school itself has the nature of narcissism, and the students regard the school as a transit station to achieve their personal goals, which is a means of their own success. At the same time, teachers also have the tendency of narcissism in the teaching process. Thus it has to be admitted that the school has become a place for narcissists. In view of this phenomenon in schools, education must play its leading role in order to ease narcissism. First, education should make people go out of themselves and re-understand themselves; secondly, the publicity of education should be reconstructed. Finally, it is necessary to cultivate students' ability of "love", not only to love themselves, but also to love others.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G410

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