【摘要】：工作記憶與句子加工的關(guān)系是心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域熱點(diǎn)之一,當(dāng)前相關(guān)研究多關(guān)注工作記憶對(duì)母語(yǔ)句子加工的影響,而對(duì)二語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的工作記憶在句子加工中的影響機(jī)制的研究并不多見(jiàn),此外,目前國(guó)內(nèi)研究多集中于探討工作記憶與句法加工的關(guān)系,如對(duì)復(fù)雜句的句子理解加工的個(gè)體差異等,但關(guān)于工作記憶與句子加工中多重影響因素關(guān)系的研究不多。由于句子加工涉及到不同水平和不同信息層面(如語(yǔ)音,詞匯,概念句法和概念信息等),因此,筆者認(rèn)為關(guān)于工作記憶的研究,應(yīng)結(jié)合影響句子加工機(jī)制中的多重因素的考慮,從而有利于更全面地探討二語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者句子加工的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。 本研究在相關(guān)研究基礎(chǔ)上考察了工作記憶對(duì)句子加工的影響,除了句法因素外,筆者進(jìn)一步探討了句子加工過(guò)程中工作記憶對(duì)語(yǔ)音與概念表征因素的影響。本次實(shí)驗(yàn)共包括三次測(cè)試。第一次測(cè)試為工作記憶廣度測(cè)試,這一測(cè)試要求受試者能夠判斷所呈現(xiàn)的句子是否有意義,并同時(shí)記住每個(gè)句子的最后的那個(gè)詞。測(cè)試結(jié)果按照記憶廣度分值將被試分為高低組。之后,所有被試將參加即時(shí)視覺(jué)和聽覺(jué)句子回憶的測(cè)試,該測(cè)試采用了Potter (1990)的概念誘導(dǎo)詞的方法。該實(shí)驗(yàn)源于即時(shí)句子回憶的兩種假設(shè)：Potter (1990)認(rèn)為即時(shí)句子回憶主要基于概念表征,但Rummer(2001)認(rèn)為Potter的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)概念生成而忽視了語(yǔ)音信息對(duì)即時(shí)句子回憶的促進(jìn)作用,且該作用應(yīng)在聽覺(jué)句子呈現(xiàn)中效果更好。由于語(yǔ)音信息和概念表征是影響即時(shí)句子回憶的主要因素,因此要探討工作記憶對(duì)句子加工的影響,就不能忽視工作記憶對(duì)概念表征的影響以及語(yǔ)音回路,這一工作記憶中的獨(dú)立系統(tǒng)對(duì)語(yǔ)音信息的編碼與即時(shí)存貯的影響。最后一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)為即時(shí)句子理解實(shí)驗(yàn),目的在于考察被試在句子理解加工中所表現(xiàn)出的工作記憶的個(gè)體差異。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果主要概括為以下幾點(diǎn)：首先,無(wú)論在視覺(jué)還是聽覺(jué)呈現(xiàn)句子中,高工作組正確回憶率都比低工作組高,表明工作記憶確實(shí)影響即時(shí)句子回憶任務(wù)。同時(shí),筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)由于受語(yǔ)音干擾的影響,語(yǔ)音信息對(duì)二語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者句子加工的積極性作用不大,從而對(duì)聽覺(jué)句子加工產(chǎn)生了影響。這一點(diǎn)恰從另一方面體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)音編碼在句子加工中的重要作用；其二,低工作組在句子回憶中更容易受概念誘導(dǎo)詞的影響,筆者從信息的即時(shí)激活及工作記憶與長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶的鏈接角度加以解釋,且這一實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果在一定程度上為Baddeley(2000)提出的情景緩沖器與Potter(1993)的瞬時(shí)概念記憶系統(tǒng)的功能趨同性提供了佐證；其三,對(duì)于工作記憶在句法加工中的影響,測(cè)試結(jié)論支持相關(guān)研究結(jié)果：即句法加工難度越大,所需的工作記憶資源越多。而且,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),比起高工作組來(lái),低工作組更容易受句法因素的影響,表明高工作組在句法加工中采用了平行加工的方式；最后,相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)表明工作記憶與即時(shí)句子回憶和句子理解任務(wù)顯著相關(guān)。同時(shí),相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)句子理解任務(wù)與聽覺(jué)呈現(xiàn)的句子回憶顯著相關(guān)但是與視覺(jué)句子回憶的關(guān)系不顯著。筆者從句子理解加工中語(yǔ)音回路的功能來(lái)解釋其原因,但是并沒(méi)有做出進(jìn)一步分析,這一問(wèn)題仍有待于未來(lái)研究中得以解決。
[Abstract]:The relationship between working memory and sentence processing is one of the hotspots in the field of psycholinguistics. The current related research focuses on the influence of working memory on the processing of the mother tongue sentence, and the research on the mechanism of the working memory of two language learners in the process of sentence processing is not much. The relationship between syntactic processing, such as the individual differences in understanding and processing of sentences in complex sentences, but there are few studies on the relationship between working memory and multiple factors in sentence processing. Because sentence processing involves different levels and different levels of information (such as speech, vocabulary, concept and concept information, etc.), the author thinks about the work The study of memory should be combined with the consideration of multiple factors in the mechanism of sentence processing, which is beneficial to a more comprehensive study of the cognitive mechanism of sentence processing in the two language learners.
In this study, the effect of working memory on sentence processing was investigated on the basis of related research. Besides the syntactic factors, the author further explored the influence of working memory on speech and conceptual representation in the process of sentence processing. The experiment included three tests. The first test was working memory span test, which required subjects to be tested. A person can judge the meaning of the sentence presented and remember the final word of each sentence at the same time. The test results are divided into high and low groups according to the memory span score. After that, all the subjects will participate in the test of immediate visual and auditory sentence recall. The test adopts the method of Potter (1990) concept inducer. The two hypotheses derived from immediate sentence recall: Potter (1990) believed that immediate sentence recollections were mainly based on conceptual representation, but Rummer (2001) considered that Potter's experiments overemphasized the generation of concepts and ignored the promotion of speech information to immediate sentence recall, and the effect should be better in the presentation of auditory sentences. Conceptual representation is the main factor affecting immediate sentence recall. Therefore, to explore the influence of working memory on sentence processing, we can not ignore the effect of working memory on conceptual representation and speech loop, the influence of independent system on the encoding and storage of speech information in this working memory. The last experiment is the instant sentence theory. The purpose of the experiment is to examine the individual differences in the working memory of the subjects in the process of sentence comprehension.
The experimental results are summarized as follows: first, in both visual and auditory presentation sentences, the correct recall rate of the high work group is higher than that of the low working group, indicating that working memory does affect the immediate sentence recall task. At the same time, the author finds that speech information is positive to the sentence processing of two language learners due to the influence of speech interference. There is a little effect on the processing of hearing sentences, which reflects the important role of speech coding in sentence processing. Secondly, the low working group is more susceptible to the influence of the concept induced words in the sentence recollection. The author from the instant activation of information and the link angle between working memory and long time memory. To some extent, the experimental results provide evidence for the functional convergence of the instantaneous conceptual memory system proposed by Baddeley (2000) and Potter (1993); thirdly, the effect of working memory on syntactic processing, and the result of the test conclusion support phase: the more difficult the syntactic processing is, the necessary work is needed. The more memory resources are, the more the author finds that the low working group is more susceptible to syntactic factors than the high work group, indicating that the high work group uses parallel processing in the syntactic processing; finally, the correlation test shows that working memory is significantly related to immediate sentence recall and sentence understanding. The task of finding sentence comprehension in the field is significantly related to the sentence recollection presented by the hearing, but the relationship with the visual sentence recollection is not significant. The author explains the function of the speech loop in the sentence understanding processing, but does not make a further analysis. This question remains to be solved in the future research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G442

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