【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會是一個科技和人才為主導(dǎo)的時代,要發(fā)展科技和培養(yǎng)人才就必須從小開始,所以小學(xué)教育特別重要,尤其是囊括物理、化學(xué)、生物和天文地理的小學(xué)科學(xué)教育。20世紀80年代全國對小學(xué)科學(xué)教育進行了一系列的改革,雖然教學(xué)方式和內(nèi)容上有差異,但是各國都強調(diào)“科學(xué)探究”。要想進行科學(xué)探究活動就必須要有相應(yīng)的活動材料和教具。盡管現(xiàn)在小學(xué)學(xué)校的教育設(shè)備逐漸改善,但是這些增添的實驗器材還是滿足不了科學(xué)探究活動對教具的需求。自制教具彌補教學(xué)設(shè)施的不足,對促進小學(xué)生對知識的理解,培養(yǎng)小學(xué)生的觀察能力、動手能力、創(chuàng)新能力和激發(fā)小學(xué)生對科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣以及科學(xué)探究的精神方面起著非常重要的的作用。根據(jù)筆者的調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前小學(xué)學(xué)校的教具還是有很多缺點的,很多老師也研究過這些教具的優(yōu)缺點,但是很少有老師會親自動手去制作和改進教具。所以,進行本課題的研究是比較有實用價值的。本文共五章:第一章是緒論部分,筆者分析了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對自制教具的研究狀況,并從理論上探討了自制教具應(yīng)用于小學(xué)科學(xué)教學(xué)對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的影響,為自制教具的研究提供了理論基礎(chǔ),最后再分析了自制教具的意義。第二章是對自制教具內(nèi)涵的認識,筆者對教具和自制教具進行了概念的界定,闡述了自制教具對科學(xué)教學(xué)的重要作用以及自制教具的特征,最后總結(jié)了自制教具的步驟。第三章是對小學(xué)科學(xué)自制教具情況的進行了調(diào)查分析,總結(jié)了問卷調(diào)查和訪談?wù){(diào)查的結(jié)果,最后確定了自制教具的主題,也就是明確了主要制作哪一些教具。第四章是全文的重點,詳細地闡述了教具制作的背景、改進及創(chuàng)新之處,制作材料、制作方法以及使用方法。筆者積極動手制作的教具,是非常針對教學(xué)實際的,在小學(xué)教學(xué)中很有使用的價值。筆者希望通過這一些教具的制作來促進小學(xué)生更好的進行科學(xué)探究活動,并希望通過介紹這一些教具的設(shè)計和制作方法,來給廣大的小學(xué)科學(xué)老師以借鑒,激發(fā)老師們親自動手去制作的激情。第五章是對全文的一個總結(jié)和反思。
[Abstract]:Today's society is an era dominated by science and technology and talents. In order to develop science and technology and train talents, we must start from an early age. Therefore, primary education is particularly important, especially in covering physics and chemistry. Science Education in Primary School of Biology and Astronomical Geography. In the 1980s, a series of reforms were carried out in primary school science education. Although there are differences in teaching methods and contents, all countries emphasize "scientific inquiry". In order to carry on the scientific inquiry activity, must have the corresponding activity material and the teaching aid. Although primary school education facilities are gradually improving, these additional experimental devices do not meet the need for teaching aids for scientific inquiry activities. Self-made teaching aids make up for the deficiency of teaching facilities, promote pupils' understanding of knowledge, train pupils' observation ability and practical ability, The innovation ability and arousing the pupils' interest in scientific study and the spirit of scientific inquiry play a very important role. According to the author's investigation, it is found that there are still many shortcomings in primary school teaching aids, many teachers have also studied the advantages and disadvantages of these teaching aids, but few teachers will do their own work to create and improve teaching aids. Therefore, the research of this subject is of practical value. There are five chapters in this paper: the first chapter is the introduction. The author analyzes the research status of home-made teaching aids at home and abroad, and theoretically discusses the influence of self-made teaching aids on students' learning science in primary school science teaching. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of self-made teaching aids, and finally analyzes the significance of self-made teaching aids. The second chapter is the understanding of the connotation of homemade teaching aids. The author defines the concepts of teaching aids and homemade teaching aids, expounds the important role of homemade teaching aids in science teaching and the characteristics of homemade teaching aids, and finally summarizes the steps of homemade teaching aids. The third chapter is to investigate and analyze the situation of scientific self-made teaching aids in primary schools, summarize the results of questionnaires and interviews, and finally determine the theme of self-made teaching aids, that is to say, which teaching aids are mainly made. The fourth chapter is the emphases of this paper, including the background, improvement and innovation, materials, methods and usage of teaching aids. The teaching aid made by the author is very practical and valuable in primary school teaching. The author hopes to promote the primary school students to better carry out scientific inquiry activities through the production of some teaching aids, and hope to introduce the design and manufacturing methods of these teaching aids to give reference to the vast number of primary school science teachers. Inspire the teachers to do the work themselves. The fifth chapter is a summary and reflection of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G623.6

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