本文選題：城市小學(xué) + 小學(xué)生�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：社會競爭的背后,比拼的是人力資本的“厚度”；考試競爭的背后,隱藏著學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)精力的透支。中小學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)問題由來已久,并逐漸演化成基礎(chǔ)教育中的熱點、難點問題之一,為社會所關(guān)注。與此同時,減輕學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)問題受到國家、政府及相關(guān)教育部門的高度重視,并被上升到政策層面,雖幾經(jīng)治理,卻收效甚微。目前,城市小學(xué)生是否依舊沉浸在課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)的苦海中呢?他們的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)現(xiàn)狀是什么?課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)是重還是輕?又有哪些表現(xiàn)形式?導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)狀的深層原因是什么?我們又該如何面對,采取何種措施才能最有效促進(jìn)城市小學(xué)生的身心健康發(fā)展?……這一系列問題都值得深入研究。本研究選取一所城市小學(xué)進(jìn)行個案研究,通過問卷調(diào)查和訪談發(fā)現(xiàn),城市小學(xué)學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)較重的情況依舊存在,主要包括客觀和主觀兩個方面�？陀^層面主要表現(xiàn)為學(xué)生睡眠時間不足,課時量較多,輔導(dǎo)班較多等；主觀方面的突出問題是不少學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)為外部動機(jī),具有較強(qiáng)的功利性,缺乏對學(xué)習(xí)本身的興趣與熱情,學(xué)習(xí)動力不足等。這些問題勢必?fù)p害青少年的身心健康發(fā)展。究其原因,主要為：家庭作為“權(quán)威擁有者”責(zé)任缺失卻一味追求利益最大化；學(xué)校準(zhǔn)群體組織之間的矛盾沖突激化,學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理形式單一,忽視師生主體需要,教師教學(xué)倦怠凸出,課堂效率不高,學(xué)生抗壓心理失調(diào),自我調(diào)節(jié)力較差；政府對教育資源稀缺性的漠視以及制度調(diào)節(jié)不力；社會傳統(tǒng)文化根深蒂固,分配體制不公平等。在新課程改革不斷向縱深發(fā)展、素質(zhì)教育穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)的今天,減輕城市小學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)已刻不容緩,為此亟需家長降低沖突強(qiáng)度,營造良好的家庭環(huán)境；學(xué)校提供溝通平臺,催生教師權(quán)利的意識覺醒；教師要將課堂生動化,注重向科研型教師轉(zhuǎn)變；學(xué)生自身要加強(qiáng)主體性的認(rèn)識,自主緩解壓力；教育行政部門要推動“強(qiáng)制權(quán)威結(jié)構(gòu)”的變遷,促進(jìn)評價制度的更新；社會要規(guī)范媒體,充分發(fā)揮社區(qū)的教育功能。
[Abstract]:Behind the social competition, it is the "thickness" of human capital. Behind the examination competition, the students' learning energy is concealed. The problem of schoolwork burdens of primary and secondary school students has long been developed, and gradually evolved into a hot spot in basic education, one of the difficult problems, and a note for the society. At the same time, the problem of reducing the burden of students' schoolwork has been affected by the country. The family, the government and the relevant educational departments have attached great importance to the policy level, and have been raised to the policy level, although they have been treated with little effect. What are it? What measures should we face and what measures we should take to promote the physical and mental health of urban pupils? This series of problems should be studied. A case study of a primary school in a city is selected, and through questionnaires and interviews, it is found that the heavy burden of schoolwork in primary school students still exists, It mainly includes objective and subjective two aspects. The objective level is mainly manifested in students' lack of sleep time, more hours of class, and more tutoring classes. The outstanding subjective problems are that many students' motivation is external motivation, with strong utilitarianism, lack of interest and enthusiasm for learning and lack of learning motivation. The problem is bound to damage the physical and mental health of young people. The main reasons are as follows: the lack of responsibility for the family as the "authority owner" but the pursuit of maximization of interests; the contradictions and conflicts between the school quasi group organizations, the single form of the school leadership management, the neglect of the needs of the teachers and students, the teaching burnout of the teachers, and the low efficiency of the classroom, The students' psychological disorder, poor self-regulation, the government's indifference to the scarcity of educational resources, the ineffective regulation of the system, the deep-rooted social culture and the unfairness of the distribution system, and the deepening of the new curriculum reform and the steady advancement of the quality education today, it is urgent to reduce the burden on the schoolchildren in the city. It is urgent for parents to reduce the intensity of the conflict and create a good family environment; the school provides a communication platform for the awakening of the consciousness of the teachers' rights; the teachers should make the classroom lively and pay attention to the transformation of the scientific research type teachers; the students themselves should strengthen the awareness of the subjectivity and relieve the pressure independently; the administrative departments of education should promote the "compulsory authority structure". The changes will promote the renewal of the evaluation system; the society should regulate the media and give full play to the educational function of the community.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G622.0

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